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Grammar Analysis: Revelation 11:15-19

Theme: Seventh trumpet, heavenly temple opened, ark of the covenant seen, and the judgment/reward/destruction sequence.

Text

Greek (parser text):

  • v.15 — Καὶ ὁ ἕβδομος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐγένοντο φωναὶ μεγάλαι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, λέγοντες Ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύσει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.
  • v.16 — καὶ οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι οἱ ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καθήμενοι ἐπὶ τοὺς θρόνους αὐτῶν, ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ Θεῷ,
  • v.17 — λέγοντες Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Κύριε ὁ Θεός ὁ Παντοκράτωρ, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν, ὅτι εἴληφας τὴν δύναμίν σου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐβασίλευσας·
  • v.18 — καὶ τὰ ἔθνη ὠργίσθησαν, καὶ ἦλθεν ἡ ὀργή σου καὶ ὁ καιρὸς τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναι καὶ δοῦναι τὸν μισθὸν τοῖς δούλοις σου τοῖς προφήταις καὶ τοῖς ἁγίοις καὶ τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά σου, τοῖς μικροῖς καὶ τοῖς μεγάλοις, καὶ διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας τὴν γῆν.
  • v.19 — καὶ ἠνοίγη ὁ ναὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, καὶ ὤφθη ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐγένοντο ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταὶ καὶ σεισμὸς καὶ χάλαζα μεγάλη.

KJV:

15 And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become [the kingdoms] of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever. 16 And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God, 17 Saying, We give thee thanks, O Lord God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power, and hast reigned. 18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth. 19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.

Text-base note: The parser Greek in v.17 reads ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν ("the One who is and was"), while the KJV includes "and art to come." The KJV/TR tradition has the additional future title here. The grammatical analysis below follows the parser output while preserving the KJV text as requested. In v.15, the parser Greek has singular ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου ("the kingdom of the world"), while KJV renders plural "kingdoms" with supplied repetition.

Word-by-Word Parsing

Verse 15 — Seventh trumpet and kingdom transition

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 Καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
2 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
3 ἕβδομος ἕβδομος G1442 A-NSM — Nom Sg M
4 ἄγγελος ἄγγελος G32 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
5 ἐσάλπισεν σαλπίζω G4537 V-AAI-3S — Aor Act Ind 3sg
6 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
7 ἐγένοντο γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADI-3P — Aor Mid Ind 3pl
8 φωναὶ φωνή G5456 N-NPF — Nom Pl F
9 μεγάλαι μέγας G3173 A-NPF — Nom Pl F
10 ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP
11 τῷ ὁ G3588 T-DSM — Dat Sg M
12 οὐρανῷ οὐρανός G3772 N-DSM — Dat Sg M
13 λέγοντες λέγω G3004 V-PAP-NPM — Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M
14 Ἐγένετο γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADI-3S — Aor Mid Ind 3sg
15 ἡ ὁ G3588 T-NSF — Nom Sg F
16 βασιλεία βασιλεία G932 N-NSF — Nom Sg F
17 τοῦ ὁ G3588 T-GSM — Gen Sg M
18 κόσμου κόσμος G2889 N-GSM — Gen Sg M
19 τοῦ ὁ G3588 T-GSM — Gen Sg M
20 Κυρίου κύριος G2962 N-GSM — Gen Sg M
21 ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 P-1GP — Gen Pl
22 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
23 τοῦ ὁ G3588 T-GSM — Gen Sg M
24 Χριστοῦ Χριστός G5547 N-GSM — Gen Sg M
25 αὐτοῦ αὐτός G846 P-GSM — Gen Sg M
26 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
27 βασιλεύσει βασιλεύω G936 V-FAI-3S — Fut Act Ind 3sg
28 εἰς εἰς G1519 PREP
29 τοὺς ὁ G3588 T-APM — Acc Pl M
30 αἰῶνας αἰών G165 N-APM — Acc Pl M
31 τῶν ὁ G3588 T-GPM — Gen Pl M
32 αἰώνων αἰών G165 N-GPM — Gen Pl M

Verse 16 — Elders seated, falling, worshipping

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
2 οἱ ὁ G3588 T-NPM — Nom Pl M
3 εἴκοσι εἴκοσι G1501 A-NUI
4 τέσσαρες τέσσαρες G5064 A-NPM — Nom Pl M
5 πρεσβύτεροι πρεσβύτερος G4245 A-NPM-C — Nom Pl M
6 οἱ ὁ G3588 T-NPM — Nom Pl M
7 ἐνώπιον ἐνώπιον G1799 PREP
8 τοῦ ὁ G3588 T-GSM — Gen Sg M
9 Θεοῦ θεός G2316 N-GSM — Gen Sg M
10 καθήμενοι κάθημαι G2521 V-PNP-NPM — Pres M/P Ptcp Nom Pl M
11 ἐπὶ ἐπί G1909 PREP
12 τοὺς ὁ G3588 T-APM — Acc Pl M
13 θρόνους θρόνος G2362 N-APM — Acc Pl M
14 αὐτῶν αὐτός G846 P-GPM — Gen Pl M
15 ἔπεσαν πίπτω G4098 V-2AAI-3P — Aor Act Ind 3pl
16 ἐπὶ ἐπί G1909 PREP
17 τὰ ὁ G3588 T-APN — Acc Pl N
18 πρόσωπα πρόσωπον G4383 N-APN — Acc Pl N
19 αὐτῶν αὐτός G846 P-GPM — Gen Pl M
20 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
21 προσεκύνησαν προσκυνέω G4352 V-AAI-3P — Aor Act Ind 3pl
22 τῷ ὁ G3588 T-DSM — Dat Sg M
23 Θεῷ θεός G2316 N-DSM — Dat Sg M

Verse 17 — Thanksgiving for power taken and reign begun

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 λέγοντες λέγω G3004 V-PAP-NPM — Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M
2 Εὐχαριστοῦμέν εὐχαριστέω G2168 V-PAI-1P — Pres Act Ind 1pl
3 σοι σύ G4771 P-2DS — Dat Sg
4 Κύριε κύριος G2962 N-VSM — Voc Sg M
5 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
6 Θεός θεός G2316 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
7 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
8 Παντοκράτωρ παντοκράτωρ G3841 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
9 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
10 ὢν εἰμί G1510 V-PAP-NSM — Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M
11 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
12 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
13 ἦν εἰμί G1510 V-IAI-3S — Impf Act Ind 3sg
14 ὅτι ὅτι G3754 CONJ
15 εἴληφας λαμβάνω G2983 V-2RAI-2S — Perf Act Ind 2sg
16 τὴν ὁ G3588 T-ASF — Acc Sg F
17 δύναμίν δύναμις G1411 N-ASF — Acc Sg F
18 σου σύ G4771 P-2GS — Gen Sg
19 τὴν ὁ G3588 T-ASF — Acc Sg F
20 μεγάλην μέγας G3173 A-ASF — Acc Sg F
21 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
22 ἐβασίλευσας βασιλεύω G936 V-AAI-2S — Aor Act Ind 2sg

Verse 18 — Nations angry, wrath come, time for judgment/reward/destruction

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
2 τὰ ὁ G3588 T-NPN — Nom Pl N
3 ἔθνη ἔθνος G1484 N-NPN — Nom Pl N
4 ὠργίσθησαν ὀργίζω G3710 V-API-3P — Aor Pass Ind 3pl
5 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
6 ἦλθεν ἔρχομαι G2064 V-2AAI-3S — Aor Act Ind 3sg
7 ἡ ὁ G3588 T-NSF — Nom Sg F
8 ὀργή ὀργή G3709 N-NSF — Nom Sg F
9 σου σύ G4771 P-2GS — Gen Sg
10 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
11 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
12 καιρὸς καιρός G2540 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
13 τῶν ὁ G3588 T-GPM — Gen Pl M
14 νεκρῶν νεκρός G3498 A-GPM — Gen Pl M
15 κριθῆναι κρίνω G2919 V-APN — Aor Pass Inf
16 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
17 δοῦναι δίδωμι G1325 V-2AAN — Aor Act Inf
18 τὸν ὁ G3588 T-ASM — Acc Sg M
19 μισθὸν μισθός G3408 N-ASM — Acc Sg M
20 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
21 δούλοις δοῦλος (II) G1401 N-DPM — Dat Pl M
22 σου σύ G4771 P-2GS — Gen Sg
23 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
24 προφήταις προφήτης G4396 N-DPM — Dat Pl M
25 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
26 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
27 ἁγίοις ἅγιος G40 A-DPM — Dat Pl M
28 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
29 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
30 φοβουμένοις φοβέω G5399 V-PNP-DPM — Pres M/P Ptcp Dat Pl M
31 τὸ ὁ G3588 T-ASN — Acc Sg N
32 ὄνομά ὄνομα G3686 N-ASN — Acc Sg N
33 σου σύ G4771 P-2GS — Gen Sg
34 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
35 μικροῖς μικρός G3398 A-DPM — Dat Pl M
36 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
37 τοῖς ὁ G3588 T-DPM — Dat Pl M
38 μεγάλοις μέγας G3173 A-DPM — Dat Pl M
39 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
40 διαφθεῖραι διαφθείρω G1311 V-AAN — Aor Act Inf
41 τοὺς ὁ G3588 T-APM — Acc Pl M
42 διαφθείροντας διαφθείρω G1311 V-PAP-APM — Pres Act Ptcp Acc Pl M
43 τὴν ὁ G3588 T-ASF — Acc Sg F
44 γῆν γῆ G1093 N-ASF — Acc Sg F

Verse 19 — Temple opened and ark seen

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
2 ἠνοίγη ἀνοίγω G455 V-2API-3S — Aor Pass Ind 3sg
3 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
4 ναὸς ναός G3485 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
5 τοῦ ὁ G3588 T-GSM — Gen Sg M
6 Θεοῦ θεός G2316 N-GSM — Gen Sg M
7 ὁ ὁ G3588 T-NSM — Nom Sg M
8 ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP
9 τῷ ὁ G3588 T-DSM — Dat Sg M
10 οὐρανῷ οὐρανός G3772 N-DSM — Dat Sg M
11 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
12 ὤφθη ὁράω G3708 V-API-3S — Aor Pass Ind 3sg
13 ἡ ὁ G3588 T-NSF — Nom Sg F
14 κιβωτὸς κιβωτός G2787 N-NSF — Nom Sg F
15 τῆς ὁ G3588 T-GSF — Gen Sg F
16 διαθήκης διαθήκη G1242 N-GSF — Gen Sg F
17 αὐτοῦ αὐτός G846 P-GSM — Gen Sg M
18 ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP
19 τῷ ὁ G3588 T-DSM — Dat Sg M
20 ναῷ ναός G3485 N-DSM — Dat Sg M
21 αὐτοῦ αὐτός G846 P-GSM — Gen Sg M
22 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
23 ἐγένοντο γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADI-3P — Aor Mid Ind 3pl
24 ἀστραπαὶ ἀστραπή G796 N-NPF — Nom Pl F
25 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
26 φωναὶ φωνή G5456 N-NPF — Nom Pl F
27 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
28 βρονταὶ βροντή G1027 N-NPF — Nom Pl F
29 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
30 σεισμὸς σεισμός G4578 N-NSM — Nom Sg M
31 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
32 χάλαζα χάλαζα G5464 N-NSF — Nom Sg F
33 μεγάλη μέγας G3173 A-NSF — Nom Sg F

Key Grammatical Features

1. ἐσάλπισεν ... ἐγένετο ... βασιλεύσει (v.15) — Seventh trumpet as transition marker

  • Form: ἐσάλπισεν is aorist active indicative, 3rd singular; ἐγένετο / ἐγένοντο are aorist middle/deponent indicatives of γίνομαι; βασιλεύσει is future active indicative, 3rd singular.
  • Significance: The trumpet sounding is reported as a bounded event. The two γίνομαι forms mark resulting arrival/transition: voices "came to be" in heaven, and the kingdom "came to be" the Lord's and his Christ's. The singular ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου in the parser Greek treats the world's dominion as one comprehensive realm transferred to divine rule, even though KJV renders "kingdoms." The future βασιλεύσει projects the reign forward "unto the ages of the ages."
  • Grammar reference: aorist-active-indicative-narrative-chain.md for bounded aorist event-line logic.
  • Word studies: G4537-salpizo.md, G1096-ginomai.md, WG-kingdom.md, TR-malkuwth-basileia.md, TR-owlam-aion.md.

2. λέγοντες (vv.15, 17) — Present participle introducing the heavenly speech

  • Form: λέγοντες is present active participle, nominative plural masculine.
  • Significance: The participle introduces direct speech as the content of the heavenly voices and the elders' worship. In v.15, it attaches the proclamation to the "great voices"; in v.17, it resumes the elders' act of worship from v.16 and gives the verbal content of that worship. The present participle depicts the speech as accompanying the scene rather than as a separate completed event.
  • Grammar reference: participle-legon-discourse.md.
  • Word study: WG-voice.md, TR-qowl-phone.md.

3. καθήμενοι ... ἔπεσαν ... προσεκύνησαν (v.16) — Seated status followed by worship-action

  • Form: καθήμενοι is present middle/passive participle, nominative plural masculine; ἔπεσαν and προσεκύνησαν are aorist active indicatives, 3rd plural.
  • Significance: The participle describes the elders' prior/ongoing position "before God" and "upon their thrones." Against that seated heavenly status, the two aorists report the worship response as decisive completed actions: they fell upon their faces and worshipped God. The grammar supports the scene's movement from enthroned council posture to prostration.
  • Grammar reference: aorist-active-indicative-narrative-chain.md.
  • Word studies: WG-throne.md, WG-worship.md, G4352-proskyneo.md.

4. εἴληφας ... ἐβασίλευσας (v.17) — Perfect possession followed by aorist reign

  • Form: εἴληφας is perfect active indicative, 2nd singular; ἐβασίλευσας is aorist active indicative, 2nd singular.
  • Significance: The perfect εἴληφας presents the taking of "thy great power" as completed with a continuing resultant state: God has taken and now holds/possesses that power. The following aorist ἐβασίλευσας packages the act of reigning as a whole event. Together, the forms align with the seventh-trumpet proclamation: power has been assumed, and royal rule has been enacted.
  • Grammar reference: tense-perfect-indicative.md; aorist-active-indicative-narrative-chain.md.
  • Word studies: G2983-lambano.md, WG-power.md, WG-kingdom.md.

5. ὁ καιρὸς ... κριθῆναι καὶ δοῦναι ... καὶ διαφθεῖραι (v.18) — The time defined by three infinitives

  • Form: καιρὸς is nominative singular masculine; κριθῆναι is aorist passive infinitive; δοῦναι is second aorist active infinitive; διαφθεῖραι is aorist active infinitive.
  • Significance: The "time" is not left vague. It is unpacked by three coordinated infinitival actions: the dead to be judged, reward to be given, and the destroyers of the earth to be destroyed. KJV renders these with "should" clauses, but the Greek construction is infinitival: "the time ... to be judged / to give / to destroy." The aorist aspect presents each action as a bounded whole within the appointed καιρός.
  • Grammar reference: aorist-passive-indicative.md for the passive aorist pattern more broadly; aorist-infinitive-accusative-of-duration.md for aorist infinitive aspect in bounded complements.
  • Word studies: G2540-kairos.md, G2919-krino.md, TR-shaphat-krino.md, G1325-didomi.md, WG-judgment.md, WG-giving.md.

6. διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας τὴν γῆν (v.18) — Destroying those who are destroying

  • Form: διαφθεῖραι is aorist active infinitive; διαφθείροντας is present active participle, accusative plural masculine, functioning substantivally with τοὺς.
  • Significance: The object of destruction is defined by ongoing action: "the ones destroying/corrupting the earth." The present participle characterizes them by a continuing activity, while the aorist infinitive presents God's destruction of them as a bounded act. The repeated lemma creates a strict measure-for-measure construction: destruction comes upon the destroyers.
  • Grammar reference: tense-present-active-indicative.md for present imperfective aspect more broadly; aorist-active-indicative-narrative-chain.md for aorist bounded action.
  • Word studies: TR-shachath-diaphtheiro.md, WG-destroy.md, WG-destroy-demolish.md.

7. ἠνοίγη ... ὤφθη (v.19) — Agentless aorist passives in sanctuary disclosure

Clause Structure

  • v.15: καὶ + subject + aorist main verb: "the seventh angel sounded." A second καὶ introduces ἐγένοντο with φωναὶ μεγάλαι as subject; λέγοντες introduces the speech content. Inside the speech, Ἐγένετο takes ἡ βασιλεία as subject, followed by genitives defining transfer of dominion, then future βασιλεύσει projects ongoing reign.
  • v.16-17: The elders are described by an articular participial phrase, οἱ ... καθήμενοι, then two aorist finite verbs report their action. λέγοντες introduces their thanksgiving speech; ὅτι gives the reason/content basis: power has been taken and reign enacted.
  • v.18: A series of καὶ-coordinated clauses forms the judgment sequence: nations became angry; wrath came; the appointed time came. The καιρός is then specified by three coordinated aorist infinitives: κριθῆναι, δοῦναι, διαφθεῖραι. The reward recipients are dative plurals: τοῖς δούλοις, τοῖς προφήταις, τοῖς ἁγίοις, τοῖς φοβουμένοις, τοῖς μικροῖς καὶ τοῖς μεγάλοις.
  • v.19: Three καὶ-linked events close the unit: the heavenly temple was opened, the ark was seen in the temple, and storm/theophany phenomena came to be. The repeated ναός frames the sanctuary location: "the temple of God in heaven" and "his temple."

Similar-pattern search: greek_parser.py --similar "REV 11:18" --min-sim 0.6 --limit 5 returned no verses at or above the threshold.

Cross-References

Grammar library:

Word studies:

Generated from: greek_parser.py --verse "REV 11:15" through "REV 11:19"; greek_parser.py --similar "REV 11:18"; KJV text from D:/bible/tools/data/kjv.txt.