TR: machaneh → parembole (Camp/Encampment)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────           ────────
מַחֲנֶה (machaneh)  →  παρεμβολή (parembole)  →  παρεμβολή (parembole)
H4264, 190x in OT      165x as translation       10x in NT
"camp, encampment"      of machaneh               "camp, castle, army"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H4264	מַחֲנֶה (machaneh)	190	camp, encampment, host, army

Key OT passages: - Gen 32:2 — "This is God's host (machaneh)" — first occurrence; angelic encampment - Num 5:3 — "without the camp shall ye put them; that they defile not their camps, in the midst whereof I dwell" - Deut 23:14 — "the LORD thy God walketh in the midst of thy camp"

H4264-machaneh.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occurrences	PMI Score
machaneh (H4264)	παρεμβολή (G3925)	165	34.66
machaneh (H4264)	τάγμα (G5001)	9	14.51

Reverse direction — what Hebrew words does παρεμβολή translate:

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Score
machaneh (מַחֲנֶה)	H4264	165	34.66
degel (דֶּגֶל)	H1714	10	15.75
chuts (חוּץ)	H2351	19	12.05
nasa (נָסַע)	H5265	18	11.80
chanah (חָנָה)	H2583	14	9.95

Semantic shift in translation: Minimal. παρεμβολή (literally "a throwing in beside" — a military term for interpolating troops) maps cleanly onto machaneh's dual sense of encampment and military host. The Greek word is a compound (παρα + εν + βάλλω) that emphasizes the tactical deployment aspect, but in LXX usage it takes on the full range of machaneh including the sacred wilderness camp.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G3925	παρεμβολή (parembole)	10	camp, castle, barracks, army

KJV NT translations: - castle — 6 verses (Acts: Roman barracks/fortress) - camp — 3 verses (Hebrews, Revelation) - armies — 1 verse (Heb 11:34)

Key NT passages: - Heb 11:34 — "turned to flight the armies (parembole) of the aliens" — military host sense - Heb 13:11–13 — "the bodies of those beasts... are burned without the camp (parembole). Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people... suffered without the gate. Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp (parembole)" — directly echoes the Levitical "without the camp" formula (Lev 4:12, 21; 16:27) - Rev 20:9 — "compassed the camp (parembole) of the saints about" — eschatological camp of God's people

G3925-parembole.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Echoes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Heb 13:11	Lev 4:12, 21; 16:27	machaneh → parembole	The sin offering burned "without the camp" becomes Christ suffering "without the gate"
Heb 13:13	Lev 13:46; Num 5:2–4	machaneh → parembole	Exhortation to go "outside the camp" — identifying with Christ's exclusion
Rev 20:9	Joel 2:11; Deut 23:14	machaneh → parembole	The eschatological "camp of the saints" echoes God's camp in the wilderness

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core spatial meaning of a community encampment persists. Both OT machaneh and NT parembole denote a bounded, organized community dwelling space. - The ritual "without the camp" formula carries directly into Hebrews, where it becomes the theological framework for Christ's suffering outside Jerusalem. - The concept of God's presence in the midst of the camp persists from Deut 23:14 through to Rev 20:9 ("the camp of the saints").

What shifts: - NT adds the meaning "castle/barracks" (Acts 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32) — a Roman military fortification, extending the military camp sense into a permanent structure. - The wilderness camp becomes metaphorical in Hebrews — "the camp" is no longer a literal location but a theological boundary. Going "outside the camp" becomes a call to identification with Christ's rejection. - In Revelation, parembole is eschatological: the camp of the saints is the final gathering of God's people besieged by Gog and Magog.

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-05-03