TR: pâdâh → lytróō (Ransom/Redeem)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
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פָּדָה (pâdâh) → λυτρόω (lytróō) → λυτρόω (lytróō)
H6299, 48x in OT 39x as translation 3x in NT
"sever, ransom" of pâdâh (PMI 28.75) "redeem"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H6299 | פָּדָה (pâdâh) | 48 | sever, ransom, release, preserve |
| H6302 | פְּדוּי (pᵉdûwy) | ~5 | the ransomed, redeemed one (passive participle) |
| H6306 | פִּדְיוֹם (pidyôwm) | ~4 | ransom, redemption (price) |
Key OT passages:
- Exod 13:13 — "And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem." Core ritual usage: firstborn-redemption law requires a substitute payment.
- Deut 7:8 — "But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt." Exodus as the paradigm of divine padah — God as ransomer of his people from slavery.
- Isa 35:10 — "And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads." Eschatological hope: the ransomed are a future restored people.
Library: TODO(need H6299 study)
LXX Bridge¶
H6299 pâdâh → Greek (what Greek words translate this Hebrew word in LXX):
| Greek | Transliteration | Co-occurrences | Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G3084 λυτρόω | lytróō | 39 | 28.75 | Primary equivalent — dominant rendering |
| G4416 πρωτότοκος | prōtótokos | 5 | 8.12 | "Firstborn" — contextual rendering in firstborn-redemption passages |
| G3388 μήτρα | mḗtra | 3 | 8.00 | "Womb" — contextual rendering alongside firstborn language |
| G1272 διανοίγω | dianoígō | 3 | 7.65 | "Open" — used in "opening the womb" idiom |
| G4506 ῥύομαι | rhýomai | 4 | 6.08 | "Deliver, rescue" — alternative rendering for liberation sense |
G3084 lytróō ← Hebrew (what Hebrew words this Greek word translates):
| Hebrew | Transliteration | Co-occurrences | Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H6299 פָּדָה | pâdâh | 39 | 28.75 | Primary: ransom by payment |
| H1350 גָּאַל | gâʼal | 40 | 26.15 | Co-primary: kinsman-redeemer; family obligation |
| H6363 פֶּטֶר | peṭer | 4 | 10.90 | "Opening" (firstborn) — translated with lytroo in redemption-of-firstborn contexts |
| H6561 פָּרַק | pâraq | 3 | 8.81 | "Break off, deliver" — violent deliverance |
| H4376 מָכַר | mâkar | 6 | 8.74 | "Sell" — commercial-transaction counterpart |
The LXX translators used λυτρόω as the primary rendering for both H6299 pâdâh (payment-ransom) and H1350 gâʼal (kinsman-redeemer). This merger is significant: the Greek collapses two distinct Hebrew redemption concepts into one verb.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G3084 | λυτρόω (lytróō) | 3 | ransom, redeem |
| G3083 | λύτρον (lytron) | 2 | ransom price |
| G3085 | λύτρωσις (lytrōsis) | 3 | ransoming, redemption |
| G3086 | λυτρωτής (lytrōtēs) | 1 | deliverer, redeemer |
Key NT passages:
- Titus 2:14 — "Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works." Echoes Exod 19:5 LXX (λαὸς περιούσιος "peculiar people") — the Exodus redemption pattern applied to Christ's atoning self-gift.
- 1 Pet 1:18-19 — "Ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish." The OT ransom-price mechanism (silver, gold, lamb) is explicitly transcended — Christ's blood replaces corruptible payment.
Library: G3084-lytroo.md
Direct OT→NT Quotations¶
| NT Verse | OT Echo | Shared Word | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tit 2:14 | Exod 19:5; Deut 14:2 | περιούσιος (peculiar people) + λυτρόω | Covenant-people formula applied to church via redemption |
| Tit 2:14 | Ezek 37:23; Ps 130:8 | λυτρόω + καθαρίζω | Redemption-purification pairing from prophetic restoration promises |
| 1Pe 1:18-19 | Exod 13:13; Num 18:15-16 | λυτρόω + ἀμνός (lamb) | Firstborn-redemption-by-lamb typology fulfilled in Christ |
No direct verbatim OT quotations use λυτρόω. The NT passages instead echo OT redemption theology through structural and conceptual allusion.
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The core mechanism: redemption requires a costly payment. The OT padah always implies a price (lamb, silver, God's mighty hand), and the NT lytroo retains this — explicitly rejecting silver/gold (1 Pet 1:18) in favor of blood. - The subject of redemption: in both testaments, God is the ultimate redeemer. Human agents may perform padah in ritual contexts (Exod 13:13), but the Deuteronomic-prophetic tradition and all NT uses attribute redemption to God/Christ.
What shifts: - From ritual to Christological: OT padah governs firstborn-redemption law and Exodus-liberation theology. The NT drops the ritual and concentrates entirely on Christ's atoning death as the ransom event. - From national to moral scope: The Emmaus disciples' hope (Luke 24:21) is still national ("redeem Israel"), but Titus 2:14 and 1 Peter 1:18 redefine redemption as liberation from sin and empty tradition — an inward-moral rather than outward-political act. - Voice emphasis: All NT occurrences use middle or passive voice, emphasizing that believers are recipients of redemption rather than active agents.
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-04-26