H7311 — רוּם (rûwm)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H7311
Original: רוּם
Transliteration: rûwm
Pronunciation: room
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root
Occurrences: 184 unique verses (218 tokens) in OT
Books: 23
First Occurrence: Gen 7:17 — "the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively):—bring up, exalt (self), extol, give, go up, haughty, heave (up), (be, lift up on, make on, set up on, too) high(-er, one), hold up, levy, lift(-er) up, (be) lofty, (a-) loud, mount up, offer (up), presumptuously, (be) promote(-ion), proud, set up, tall(-er), take (away, off, up), breed worms.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Tallied from hebrew_parser.py --lemma "רוּם":

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Hiphil	83	cause to be high; lift up, exalt, take off (causative)
Qal	68	be high, rise, mount up
Piel	25	exalt intensively, extol (praise)
Hophal	3	be lifted up (passive of Hiphil)
Hithpael	2	exalt oneself (reflexive)
Pual	2	be exalted (passive intensive)

The Hiphil (causative "make high") and Qal (stative "be high") together account for ~82% of usage.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Grouped from full distribution (n=184 unique verses):

Translation Cluster	Approx. Verses	%
exalt / exalted / extol / promote	~50	27%
lift up / lifted up / lifteth up / lifter	~35	19%
high / higher / lofty / proud / haughty / tall	~32	17%
offer / heave offering / heave / heaved	~20	11%
set up / set on high / bring up	~12	7%
take up / take off / took up	~10	5%
Other (gave, aloud, mount up, promotion...)	~25	14%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	48	2.0
Isaiah	23	1.8
Hosea	3	1.5
Ezra	4	1.4
Ezekiel	17	1.3
Numbers	15	1.2
Daniel	4	1.1
Micah	1	1.0
Deuteronomy	9	0.9
Proverbs	8	0.9
Leviticus	7	0.8
Exodus	8	0.7
1 Samuel	5	0.6
2 Chronicles	5	0.6
Job	6	0.6
Lamentations	1	0.6
1 Kings	4	0.5
Genesis	6	0.4
2 Kings	3	0.4
2 Samuel	3	0.4
Joshua	1	0.2
1 Chronicles	2	0.2
Nehemiah	1	0.2

Poetry and prophecy dominate: Psalms + Isaiah alone account for 38% of all occurrences. Notably sparse in narrative books (Joshua, Judges, Kings minimal). Psalms carry the highest density of worship/praise uses; Isaiah and Ezekiel concentrate prophetic exaltation and pride-judgment themes.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Physical Elevation — Literal Lifting¶

An object, water, hand, or wings raised upward. - Gen 7:17 — "the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth" - Exod 7:20 — "he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters" - Exod 17:11 — "when Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed; and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed" - Exod 14:16 — "lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it"

2. Ritual Lifting — Heave Offering¶

Priestly elevation of sacrificial portions before the LORD. Consistently collocates with תְּרוּמָה (tᵉrûwmâh, H8641 — "heave offering": 16 co-occ). - Num 15:19–20 — "ye shall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD... a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering" - Lev 2:9 — "the priest shall take from the meat offering a memorial thereof, and shall burn it upon the altar" - Exod 29:27 — "[the breast of the wave offering] which is heaved up"

3. Physical Stature — Tallness¶

Persons or natural objects described as physically higher than others. - Deut 1:28 — "the people is greater and taller than we" - Deut 2:10 — "a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims" - Isa 2:13 — "upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up" - Job 22:12 — "Is not God in the height of heaven? and behold the height of the stars, how high they are"

4. Divine Exaltation of the Lowly¶

God's sovereign act of raising up the humble, poor, or chosen. - 1 Sam 2:7–8 — "he bringeth low, and lifteth up; he raiseth up the poor out of the dust, lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill" - 2 Sam 22:49 — "thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me" - Ps 147:6 — "The LORD lifteth up the meek: he casteth the wicked down to the ground" - Ps 75:7 — "God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another"

5. Worship and Praise — Extolling God¶

Humans lifting God's name in honor and worship; Piel form especially common. - Exod 15:2 — "he is my God, and I will extol (rûwm, Piel) him; my father's God, and I will exalt him" - Ps 99:5 — "Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he is holy" - Neh 9:5 — "stand up and bless the LORD your God...who is exalted above all blessing and praise" - Ps 57:5, 11 — "Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens" (liturgical refrain)

6. Human Pride and Arrogance (negative)¶

Heart or voice "lifted up" against God or in self-glorification; regularly followed by divine judgment. - Deut 8:14 — "thine heart be lifted up, and thou forget the LORD thy God" - 2 Sam 22:28 — "thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down" - Hos 13:6 — "their heart was exalted (rûwm); therefore have they forgotten me" - Dan 11:36 — "the king shall...exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god"

7. Royal and Eschatological Exaltation¶

The king's horn raised in victory; the Servant elevated in the Servant Song. - 1 Sam 2:1 — "mine horn is exalted in the LORD; my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies" - 1 Chr 25:5 — "God gave to Heman...sons...to lift up the horn" - Isa 52:13 — "my servant shall...be exalted (rûwm) and extolled (nâsâʼ), and be very high (gâbahh)" — three lifting verbs stacked - Ps 21:13 — "Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength: so will we sing and praise thy power"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	54x (29%)	"exalt the LORD", "be thou exalted, O LORD"
אֱלֹהִים (Elohim)	H430	23x (12%)	"the high God", "God exalted"
עַם (am/people)	H5971	23x (12%)	"exalt his people", "lofty among the people"
יָד (yad/hand)	H3027	19x (10%)	"lift up mine hand unto the LORD" (oath gesture)
נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ)	H5375	18x (10%)	paired lifting verbs; Isa 52:13: "exalted and extolled"
תְּרוּמָה (tᵉrûwmâh)	H8641	16x (9%)	"rûwm a tᵉrûwmâh" = "lift up a heave offering"
מֶלֶךְ (melek/king)	H4428	14x (8%)	royal exaltation; "the king exalted"
קוֹל (qôwl/voice)	H6963	13x (7%)	"lift up the voice" (cry, shout, sing aloud)
קֶרֶן (qeren/horn)	H7161	12x (7%)	"mine horn is exalted" (honor/strength image)
שָׁמַיִם (shamayim/heavens)	H8064	12x (7%)	"exalted above the heavens", "height of heaven"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H7312 רוּם (rûwm) — masculine noun: haughtiness, height (abstract noun from this verb)
H7313 רוּם (rûwm) — Aramaic counterpart verb: to exalt (same root in Biblical Aramaic)
H7314 רוּם (rûwm) — masculine noun (Aramaic): height

Synonyms¶

search_relationships.py places rûwm in a broad elevation/exaltation cluster, including H5157 נחל, H1343 גֵּאֶה, H1431 גדל, H3513 כבד, H1288 ברך, H1419 גָּדֹול, H1984 הלל, H6965 קום, H1369 גְּבוּרָה, and H5810 עזז.
The same relationship set also surfaces the lifting/bearing verb נָשָׂא and several Aramaic or rarer parallels (A263 חוה, A3029 ידה, H5115 נוה), reinforcing the word's overlap with praise, upward motion, and elevated status.

Antonyms¶

H8213 שׁפל (shaphel) — be low / be made low; the core opposite of being raised or exalted.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared KJV Translation	Key Difference
נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ)	H5375	"lift up", "lifted up", "be exalted"	nâsâʼ = to bear/carry (weight transferred to the lifter); rûwm = to rise in height (elevation of position)
גָּבֹהַּ (gâbôahh)	H1364	"high", "higher"	gâbôahh is an adjective of state (tall/lofty); rûwm is a dynamic verb (the action of raising)
גָּבַהּ (gâbahh)	H1361	"exalt", "lifted up", "is lifted up"	gâbahh = to soar, often with connotation of pride/arrogance; rûwm is broader and more theologically neutral
שָׂגַב (sâgab)	H7682	"exalted", "is exalted", "shall be exalted"	sâgab = inaccessibly high (used especially of God as safe refuge); rûwm = general upward movement or elevation
עֶלְיוֹן (ʻelyôwn)	H5945	"most High", "high"	ʻelyôwn is an adjective/title (the Most High, superlative of height); rûwm is the verbal root encoding the act or state

UBS Semantic Domains¶

The relationship tool maps rûwm across a wide semantic network, led by the core elevation field and extending into praise, lifting, and sacrificial elevation.

Core elevation/height: [002001001033] High
Upward and lifting actions: [002003003003] Bear, [002003001009] Hold, [002002001012] Move
Honor and exalted speech: [002004001009009] Praise, [002004001009005] Shout, [002004001009013] Vow
Greatness, strength, and status: [002001002012] Great, [002001003006] Extraordinary, [002001002003] Confident
Peripheral relationship fields returned by search_relationships.py: [002001003004] Complicated, [002003001020] Whole, [002003003012] Non-Engage, [002003003019] Safe, [002001001056] Stage, [002001001057] Stance, [002003003011] Engage, [002003003022] Unsafe, [002001002031] Unwilling, [002003002020] Sacrifice

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	Notes
ὑψόω (hupsŏō)	G5312	86x	Primary: "to elevate, exalt" — covers literal and honorific senses
ὑψηλός (hupsēlŏs)	G5308	23x	Adjective form: "high, lofty" — used when rûwm denotes physical height or status
ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō)	G851	20x	"to remove, take off" — used in sacrificial/heave-offering contexts (removing fat portions)
κέρας (kéras)	G2768	12x	"horn" — used when rûwm co-occurs with qeren (horn exalted)
ἀπαρχή (aparchḗ)	G536	10x	"firstfruits, firstling offering" — heave offering (tᵉrûwmâh) rendered as offering-firstfruit
ἐπαίρω (epaírō)	G1869	10x	"to raise up" — physical lifting of hands, head, eyes

The dominant LXX equivalent G5312 ὑψόω carries directly into NT vocabulary, most prominently in John 3:14; 8:28; 12:32 (the "lifted up" Son of Man), Acts 2:33, and Phil 2:9.