G1449 — ἐγγράφω (engráphō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G1449
Original: ἐγγράφω
Transliteration: engráphō
Pronunciation: eng-graf'-o
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: ἐν (en, "in/on") + γράφω (gráphō, G1125, "to write/engrave")
Occurrences: 2 in NT (Strong's tagging); Greek morphological texts add Luke 10:20 (3 total — see note)
First Occurrence: 2 Cor 3:2 — "Ye are our epistle written in our hearts"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Note on occurrence count: The morphological Greek NT (Tischendorf/NA) parses ἐνγέγραπται in Luke 10:20 as ἐγγράφω, but Strong's concordance databases tag it under G1125 (γράφω). The Strong's count of 2 is used for translation statistics; Luke 10:20 is included in the semantic categories below.

Lexicon Definition¶

From G1722 (ἐν, "in") and G1125 (γράφω, "to write"); to "engrave," i.e., inscribe — translated "write (in)" in KJV.

The compound verb intensifies the base graphō by specifying the medium: writing into or onto a surface (heart, tablet, heaven's register), with the prefix ἐν connoting permanence of inscription.

Tense / Voice Distribution (Greek Verb)¶

All attested forms appear in the perfect passive, emphasizing a completed engraving whose effect persists:

Form	Parsing	Reference
ἐνγεγραμμένη	Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Sg F	2 Cor 3:2
ἐνγεγραμμένη	Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Sg F	2 Cor 3:3
ἐνγέγραπται	Perf Pass Ind Sg 3rd	Luke 10:20

The consistent perfect passive signals: the inscription has been made by another agent (God / Christ), and the result stands.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 33.005 — Written Language
Broader Domain: 33 — Communication
Other words in subdomain: ἀναγινώσκω (G0314, read), γράφω (G1125, write), γραφή (G1124, scripture), βιβλίον (G0975, book), γράμμα (G1121, letter/writing), γραπτός (G1123, written)

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[033] Communication — search_relationships.py keeps ἐγγράφω in the written-language / communication field, fitting acts of inscription and written record.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
written	2	100%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
2 Corinthians	2	0.8

Both occurrences appear in the same passage (2 Cor 3:2–3), within Paul's contrast of letter vs. Spirit, stone vs. heart.

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Epistle Written on Human Hearts¶

Paul calls the Corinthian believers themselves a letter of recommendation — not ink on parchment but Christ's work inscribed inwardly.

2 Cor 3:2 — "Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men"
2 Cor 3:3 — "written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart"

2. Names Inscribed in Heaven's Register¶

The morphological tradition attributes ἐνγέγραπται in Luke 10:20 to this verb, portraying divine enrollment of the redeemed.

Luke 10:20 — "rejoice, because your names are written in heaven" (ἐνγέγραπται — Perf Pass Ind)

Common Collocations¶

(Both collocations from the 2 Cor 3 context; co-occurrence count = 1 verse each out of 2 total)

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
πλάξ (pláx)	G4109	1x	"not in tables of stone" — the contrasting medium
σάρκινος (sárkinos)	G4560	1x	"fleshy tables of the heart" — the inscribed medium
πνεῦμα (pneûma)	G4151	1x	"written with the Spirit" — the inscribing agent
λίθινος (líthinos)	G3035	1x	"tables of stone" — Sinai covenant contrast
μέλαν (mélan)	G3188	1x	"not with ink" — contrast of media
ἀναγινώσκω (anaginṓskō)	G0314	1x	"known and read of all men" — the epistle metaphor
Χριστός (Christós)	G5547	1x	"epistle of Christ" — the divine author

Word Family / Cognates¶

G1125 γράφω (gráphō) — root verb: to write, engrave (32 verses; the common NT writing word)
G1124 γραφή (graphḗ) — scripture, writing (48 verses)
G1121 γράμμα (grámma) — letter, writing, bill (6 verses)
G1123 γραπτός (graptós) — adjective: written (1 verse — Rom 2:15, "the work of the law written in their hearts")

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G1449.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G1449.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
γράφω (gráphō)	G1125	both → "written"	γράφω = general writing; ἐγγράφω = inscribed into a specific medium, with ἐν emphasizing the surface (heart, tablet)
γραπτός (graptós)	G1123	both → "written"	γραπτός is an adjective ("written [law]"); ἐγγράφω is the verbal act of engraving-in
כָּתַב (kâthab)	H3789	both → "written"	Hebrew OT cognate for general writing/inscribing; ἐγγράφω is the NT equivalent specifically for inscribing onto a surface

Hebrew Source¶

No LXX precedent identified — ἐγγράφω does not appear as a standard LXX rendering of any Hebrew verb in the alignment data. The concept is rendered by γράφω (G1125) in the LXX for OT writing texts.