G1391 — δόξα (dóxa)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G1391
Original: δόξα
Transliteration: dóxa
Pronunciation: dox'-ah
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: From δοκέω (dokeō, G1380) — to seem, to be recognized as
Occurrences: 151 unique verses (168 tokens) across 23 NT books
First Occurrence: Mat 4:8 — "sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From the base of δοκέω (G1380); glory (as very apparent), in a wide application: dignity, glory, glorious, honour, praise, worship.

The word shifted from classical Greek (where δόξα meant opinion or reputation) to its LXX sense of visible, luminous majesty — particularly the manifest presence of God (Hebrew כָּבוֹד, kabod). In NT usage it carries both the visible-radiance sense and the relational honor/status sense.

Semantic Domains¶

Louw-Nida: - 87.002 — Honor or Respect in Relation to Status - 79.005 — Glorious / Visible Splendor - 14.006 — Light - 33.037 — Praise - 12 — Supernatural Beings and Powers

δόξα ranges from visible splendor to honor, praise, and majesty, which is why the same noun can name radiance, reputation, or doxological acclaim.

UBS Semantic Domains: - [079] Features of Objects - [014] Physical Events and States - [076] Power, Force - [033] Communication - [087] Status - [012] Supernatural Beings and Powers - [001] Geographical Objects and Features - [025] Attitudes and Emotions

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
glory / the glory	116	76.8%
glorious	9	6.0%
of glory	9	6.0%
honour	5	3.3%
praise	2	1.3%
of dignities	2	1.3%
Other	8	5.3%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
1 Peter	11	10.5
2 Peter	4	6.6
2 Corinthians	14	5.4
Ephesians	8	5.2
2 Thessalonians	2	4.3
Revelation	17	4.2
Romans	15	3.5
1 Thessalonians	3	3.4
Colossians	3	3.2
1 Timothy	3	2.7
2 Timothy	2	2.4
Hebrews	7	2.3
Titus	1	2.2
1 Corinthians	8	1.8
John	15	1.7
Luke	13	1.1
James	1	0.9
Matthew	7	0.7
Galatians	1	0.7
Mark	3	0.4
Acts	4	0.4

Density pattern: Highest in the epistles (especially Petrine and Pauline letters), followed by Revelation. Notably dense in 2 Corinthians (ch. 3–4 contains a sustained glory-of-ministry argument). John carries 15 occurrences concentrated in the Prologue and High Priestly Prayer. Synoptic usage is dominated by eschatological sayings about the Son of Man coming "in glory."

Semantic Categories¶

1. Divine Luminous Presence — Visible Radiance of God¶

The Shekinah sense: δόξα as visible, radiant manifestation — light that fills space and overwhelms observers. - Luke 2:9 — "the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid" - Acts 22:11 — "I could not see for the glory of that light" - Rev 15:8 — "the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power" - Heb 9:5 — "the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat"

2. Christ's Inherent Glory — Pre-existent and Revealed¶

δόξα as the essential majesty proper to the Son — possessed before incarnation, veiled during it, disclosed at key moments. - John 1:14 — "we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father" - John 17:5 — "the glory which I had with thee before the world was" - Heb 1:3 — "the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person" - Luke 9:32 — "when they were awake, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood with him"

3. Eschatological / Resurrection Glory — Future Transformed State¶

δόξα as the condition of the resurrected body and the inheritance awaiting believers — contrasted with present suffering. - Rom 8:18 — "the glory which shall be revealed in us" - 1 Cor 15:43 — "it is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory" - Col 3:4 — "When Christ shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory" - 2 Cor 4:17 — "an eternal weight of glory far more exceeding"

4. Doxological Ascription — Liturgical Praise Formula¶

δόξα as the content of worship directed toward God or Christ — fixed formulas concluding arguments or letters. - Rom 11:36 — "to whom be glory for ever. Amen" - Rev 7:12 — "Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power" - Luke 2:14 — "Glory to God in the highest" - Gal 1:5 — "to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen"

5. Human Honor / Status¶

δόξα as reputation, social esteem, or honor accruing to a person — often contrasted with divine glory to expose the inadequacy of human honor-seeking. - John 5:41, 44 — "I receive not honour from men... receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that cometh from God only" - 1 Thess 2:6 — "Nor of men sought we glory, neither of you, nor yet of others" - 1 Pet 1:24 — "all the glory of man as the flower of grass" - John 12:43 — "they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God"

6. Natural Splendor — Brilliance of Created Things¶

δόξα applied to the visible brightness of heavenly bodies or fine garments — the rhetorical range of the word from cosmological to mundane. - 1 Cor 15:40–41 — "one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars" - Mat 6:29 — "Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these" - Rev 21:23 — "the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
θεός (theós)	G2316	54x	"glory of God," "to God be glory"
Χριστός (Christós)	G5547	29x	"glory of Christ," "glory of our Lord Jesus Christ"
αἰών (aiṓn)	G165	20x	"glory for ever and ever" — doxological endings
ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos)	G444	18x	human glory contrasted with divine
ἀμήν (amḗn)	G281	17x	seals doxological formulas
δίδωμι (dídōmi)	G1325	17x	"give glory to God"
τιμή (timḗ)	G5092	16x	"glory and honour" — paired in honor lists
κύριος (kýrios)	G2962	15x	"glory of the Lord"
δύναμις (dýnamis)	G1411	14x	"glory and power" — esp. in Revelation hymns
πατήρ (patḗr)	G3962	14x	"Father of glory," "glory of the Father"

Word Family / Cognates¶

G1392 δοξάζω (doxázō) — to glorify, to render/esteem glorious (verb, 54 vv)
G1741 ἔνδοξος (éndoxos) — glorious, honorable (adjective, 4 vv)
G1380 δοκέω (dokeō) — root: to seem, to think, to have an opinion

Synonyms¶

search_relationships.py surfaced a broad relational set; the clearest lexical overlaps are: - G5092 τιμή (timē) — honor, esteem - G1868 ἔπαινος (epainos) — praise, commendation - G1411 δύναμις (dynamis) — power / majesty in doxological pairings - G2904 κράτος (kratos) — might, dominion in praise formulae

Antonyms¶

search_relationships.py surfaced several contrastive terms; the clearest are: - G152 αἰσχύνη (aischynē) — shame - G819 ἀτιμία (atimia) — dishonor, contempt - G1791 ἐντροπή (entropē) — disgrace, humiliation

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
τιμή (timḗ)	G5092	both → "honour"	timḗ = assessed value/price; doxa = inherent self-evident radiance
ἔπαινος (épainos)	G1868	both → "praise"	épainos = verbal commendation from another; doxa = intrinsic glory that radiates
καυχάομαι (kauchaomai)	G2744	both → "glory"	kauchaomai = boast in/take pride; doxa = radiant majesty (unearned)
κλέος (kléos)	G2811	both in honor/status domain	kléos = fame spread by report; doxa = manifest visible glory

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score
כָּבוֹד (kâbôwd)	H3519	170	6.32
תִּפְאָרָה (tiphʼârâh)	H8597	24	5.40
עֹשֶׁר (ʻôsher)	H6239	17	5.42
הָדָר (hâdâr)	H1926	14	5.41
הוֹד (hôwd)	H1935	11	5.34
גָּאוֹן (gâʼôwn)	H1347	9	4.14

Primary bridge: כָּבוֹד (kabod, H3519) is overwhelmingly the source word — 170 LXX co-occurrences, PMI 6.32. The LXX nearly always renders kabod as δόξα, making this the most direct OT→NT lexical bridge for this concept. Secondary words (tiphʼârâh = ornament/beauty; hadar = magnificence; hod = grandeur) reflect the breadth of the Hebrew vocabulary for divine majesty, all channeled through δόξα in Greek.