TR: qadash → hagiazō (Sanctify / Make Holy)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)          Greek NT
──────────────         ──────────────────       ──────────────────
קָדַשׁ (qâdash)    →   ἁγιάζω (hagiázō)    →   ἁγιάζω (hagiázō)
H6942, 153x            119x as translation      26x in NT
"to sanctify"          of qâdash                "sanctify, hallow"

LXX bridge strength: co-occurrence 119x, PMI 6.95, Score 33.25 (dominant, near-exclusive)

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H6942	קָדַשׁ (qâdash)	153 (186 tokens)	to be / make / declare holy or clean
H6944	קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)	—	holiness, holy place (cognate noun)
H6918	קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh)	—	holy, set apart (cognate adjective)

Verb stem range: Piel (make holy, 41x) → Hiphil (cause holiness, 13x) → Qal (be holy, 7x) → Hithpael (sanctify oneself, 4x) → Niphal (be hallowed, 3x)

Key OT passages: - Gen 2:3 — "And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it" — primordial act establishing sacred time - Exo 13:2 — "Sanctify unto me all the firstborn" — consecrating persons to God - Deut 5:12 — "Keep the Sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded" - Isa 5:16 — "God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness" — Niphal: God vindicated in judgment

→ Canonical word study: H6942-qadash.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew → Greek	Strong's	Count	Notes
qâdash → ἁγιάζω (hagiazō)	H6942 → G37	119x	Primary; verb-to-verb parallel
qâdash → ἁγνίζω (hagnizō)	H6942 → G48	17x	Purification emphasis
qâdash → ἅγιος (hagios)	H6942 → G40	34x	When result-state (holy) more prominent

Reverse (G37 ← Hebrew):

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Count	Notes
qâdash	H6942	119x	Dominant source (verb)
qodesh	H6944	30x	Source when noun governs Greek verb
shabbath	H7676	13x	Sabbath-sanctification passages
mashach	H4886	9x	Anoint → consecrate overlap

Semantic note: The LXX translators chose hagiazō (from hagios — set apart, awful, sacred) as the consistent rendering of qâdash. Both words carry the sense of "remove from common use and dedicate to God." The underlying root idea is separation and consecration, not merely moral purity.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G37	ἁγιάζω (hagiázō)	26	to make holy, purify, consecrate, hallow
G38	ἁγιασμός (hagiasmós)	—	sanctification, process of becoming holy
G40	ἅγιος (hágios)	—	holy, set apart, saint (adjective)
G41	ἁγιότης (hagiótēs)	—	holiness (abstract quality)
G42	ἁγιωσύνη (hagiōsýnē)	—	holiness (moral disposition)

Key NT passages: - Matt 6:9 — "Hallowed be thy name" (hagiasō → qadash pattern: God's name sanctified) - John 10:36 — "Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world" - 1 Cor 1:2 — "Unto the church... to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus" - Eph 5:26 — "That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word" - 1 Thess 5:23 — "The very God of peace sanctify you wholly" - Heb 10:10 — "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all" - John 17:17 — "Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth"

→ Canonical word study: G37-hagiazo.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	OT Source	Shared Concept	Significance
Matt 6:9 / Luke 11:2	Exo 20:7; Lev 22:32	"Hallowed be thy name"	Lord's Prayer echoes OT call to sanctify God's name
Heb 10:10	Exo 13:2; Lev 8:10	Consecration of person to God	Christ's offering fulfills the qadash-pattern of the priesthood
John 10:36	Jer 1:5	Father "sanctified" the sent one	Jeremiah's pre-birth consecration typologically applied to Christ

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same: - Core meaning: to set apart from common use and dedicate to God - God as primary subject who sanctifies (Exo 31:13; John 17:17; 1 Thess 5:23) - The pattern: Holy name → holy time → holy people → holy place - Reflexive / corporate call: OT "sanctify yourselves" → NT "sanctify the Lord God in your hearts" (1 Pet 3:15)

What shifts: - OT qadash is heavily Piel (causative-declarative: pronounce holy by ritual/command); NT hagiazō shifts to describing Christ's atoning work as the ground of sanctification - OT sanctification is primarily ceremonial and tied to Levitical system; NT hagiazō extends to inner moral transformation (1 Thess 4:3-4; 5:23) - LXX introduced hagiazō into the Greek world where hagios carried connotations of awe and dread (from hágos); NT writers redirected this toward Christ's person as the source of holiness - NT adds eschatological dimension: believers are "sanctified" as a completed act (1 Cor 6:11) and are being sanctified progressively