H8132 — שָׁנָא (shânâʼ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8132
Original: שָׁנָא
Transliteration: shânâʼ
Pronunciation: shaw-naw
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root Note: A primitive root; to alter. Cognate with H8138 שָׁנָה (shânâh, "to fold, duplicate, change") and H8133 שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ, Aramaic "to change"). All three share the shin-nun root cluster with the core sense of alteration. H8132 is the rarest of the three, distinguished by its final aleph (א) rather than final he (ה).
Occurrences: 3 unique verses (4 tokens) in OT
Books: 3 (2 Kings, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations)
First Occurrence: 2Ki 25:29 — "And changed his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually before him all the days of his life."
Hapax Legomenon: No (3 verses, 4 tokens)

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to alter: — change. (Strong's)

The definition is minimal: a single-sense verb meaning "to alter" without the iterative/duplicative branch found in its cognate H8138. Where H8138 covers both "repeat/do again" and "change/alter," H8132 carries only the mutative sense — pure alteration of state or appearance.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Piel	1v (2Ki 25:29)	change (transitive) — actively alter garments
Pual	1v (Ecc 8:1)	be changed (passive) — hardness of face is changed
Qal	1v (Lam 4:1)	become dim / be altered (intransitive) — gold changes

Tallied from hebrew_parser.py parsing of all three occurrence verses via ETCBC/BHSA. Note: BHSA maps 2Ki 25:29 and Ecc 8:1 to lemma שׁנה (merging with H8138), while Lam 4:1 retains the distinct lemma שׁנא. Strong's assigns all three to H8132.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
changed	2	67%
is (changed, contextual)	1	33%

All three occurrences carry the sense "changed / is changed / shall be changed." The KJV uses "changed" explicitly in 2Ki 25:29 and Lam 4:1, and "is" in Ecc 8:1 where "shall be changed" is implied ("the strength of his face shall be changed").

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Lamentations	1	0.6
Ecclesiastes	1	0.5
2 Kings	1	0.1

The word is spread across three distinct genres — lamentation poetry, wisdom literature, and historical narrative — with no concentration in any. Each occurrence stands in isolation, with no repeated author or setting.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Physical Alteration — Change of Garments / External State¶

2Ki 25:29 — "And changed (וְשִׁנָּא, Piel perfect 3ms) his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually before him all the days of his life." Jehoiachin's release from Babylonian captivity — the change of garments marks a change of status from prisoner to royal guest.

2. Alteration of Appearance / Countenance¶

Ecc 8:1 — "a man's wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness (עֹז, strength/hardness) of his face shall be changed (יְשֻׁנֶּא, Pual imperfect 3ms)." Wisdom softens what was formerly hard or severe — the inner quality produces an outward alteration.

3. Degradation / Loss of Quality¶

Lam 4:1 — "How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed (יִשְׁנֶא, Qal imperfect 3ms)! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street." Jerusalem's glory is likened to gold that has lost its luster — change here means deterioration, the finest material becoming something lesser.

Common Collocations¶

With only 3 verses, no statistically significant collocations exist. Each co-occurring word appears exactly once (33%). The most contextually relevant are:

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
בֶּגֶד (beged)	H899	1×	"changed his garments" — garment-change formula
זָהָב (zahab)	H2091	1×	"gold changed" — precious-metal deterioration
כֶּתֶם (kethem)	H3800	1×	"fine gold changed" — parallel with zahab
חָכָם (chakam)	H2450	1×	wisdom context — face changed by wisdom
פָּנִים (paniym)	H6440	1×	"face changed" (implied in Ecc 8:1 via עֹז פָּנָיו)

Word Family / Cognates¶

H8138 שָׁנָה (shânâh) — primary Hebrew cognate, "to fold, duplicate, change" (21v). Broader semantic range: covers both "repeat/do again" and "alter/make different." H8132 carries only the alteration sense.
H8133 שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ) — Aramaic cognate, "to change, alter, be different" (21v in Daniel/Ezra). Same consonantal root with aleph, same semantic core as H8132 but fully productive in Aramaic (Peal, Pael, Ithpaal, Haphel stems).
H8141 שָׁנָה (shânâh) — noun "year" (recurring cycle — same root family).
H8145 שֵׁנִי (shênîy) — ordinal "second" / adjective "double."

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שָׁנָה (shânâh)	H8138	both "changed"	H8138 has dual sense (repeat + alter); H8132 is alteration only. H8138 is 7× more frequent (21v vs 3v).
שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ)	H8133	both "changed"	H8133 is the Aramaic counterpart (Daniel/Ezra). Same consonantal form but different language stratum.
חָלַף (châlaph)	H2498	both "changed"	Halaph = pass by, exchange, replace (substitution); shana = alteration of inherent state.
מוּר (mûwr)	H4171	both "changed"	Mur = barter/exchange one thing for another (Lev 27 vow substitution); shana = inner alteration.
הָפַךְ (hâphak)	H2015	both "changed"	Hafak = overturn/reverse (dramatic inversion); shana = alteration without implied reversal.

Semantic Domains¶

[002001001020] Different — Other words: אַחֵר (H312), אָחֳרִי (A317), הפך (H2015), הֵפֶךְ (H2016)
[002001003002] Change — Other words: בלל (H1101), הפך (H2015), חדשׁ (H2318), חלף (H2498)
[002003001007] Dress — Other words: אזר (H247), חגר (H2296) (garment-change connection)
[002001001048] Shape — Other words: אָפִיק (H650), גַּב (A1355) (outward-form alteration)

LXX Mapping¶

No LXX alignments found for H8132. The word is too rare (3 occurrences) for the PMI-based alignment system to detect patterns. The LXX renderings by context would be: - Lam 4:1 — LXX uses ἀμαυρόω (amauroo, "become dim") or ἀλλοιόω (alloioo, "alter") depending on the recension. - 2Ki 25:29 — the parallel text in Jer 52:33 uses H8138 shanah instead, and the LXX translates with ἀλλάσσω (allasso, "change").