TR: chamiyshiy → pemptos (Fifth)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
─────────── ─────────────── ────────
חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy) → πέμπτος (pemptos) → πέμπτος (pemptos)
H2549, 44x 33x as translation 4x in NT
"fifth / fifth part" of chamiyshiy "fifth"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H2549 | חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy) | 44 | fifth (ordinal); also fifth part (20% fraction) |
| H2568 | חָמֵשׁ (chamesh) | 343 | five (cardinal) |
Key OT passages: - Gen 1:23 — "the evening and the morning were the fifth day" - Lev 5:16 — "shall add the fifth part thereto" (restitution formula) - 2 Ki 25:8 — "in the fifth month... burnt the house of the LORD"
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| chamiyshiy (H2549) | πέμπτος (G3991) | 33x | Primary equivalent — near-total coverage |
| chamiyshiy (H2549) | προστίθημι (G4369) | 9x | "add to" — translates yasaph in restitution contexts |
| chamiyshiy (H2549) | λυτρόω (G3084) | 5x | "redeem" — co-occurs in Lev 27 redemption law |
Reverse bridge — what Hebrew words map to G3991 πέμπτος:
| Hebrew Source | Strong's | Co-occurrences | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy) | H2549 | 33x | 30.54 |
| חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh) | H2320 | 15x | 14.37 |
| רְבִיעִי (rebiyiy) | H7243 | 8x | 14.07 |
| שָׁנֶה (shaneh) | H8141 | 21x | 12.90 |
The bridge is tight: H2549 is overwhelmingly the source for G3991 in the LXX. The other Hebrew words co-occurring with pemptos are chronological context words (month, fourth, year), not alternative source words.
Semantic shift in translation: None. Both words are straightforward ordinals meaning "fifth." The fractional sense ("a fifth part" = 20%) present in H2549 does not carry into G3991 in the NT, where the LXX uses different constructions for the restitution fraction.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G3991 | πέμπτος (pemptos) | 4 | fifth |
Key NT passages (all Revelation): - Rev 6:9 — "when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God" - Rev 9:1 — "the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth" - Rev 16:10 — "the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast" - Rev 21:20 — "The fifth, sardonyx" (foundation stones of New Jerusalem)
TODO(need G3991 study)
Direct OT→NT Quotations¶
No direct quotations. The NT uses pemptos exclusively in Revelation's apocalyptic sequences (seals, trumpets, bowls, foundation stones), none of which quote OT passages containing chamiyshiy.
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The ordinal meaning "fifth" is unchanged from Hebrew through LXX into NT Greek - Both testaments use the word in sequential enumerations (days/months in OT; seals/angels/stones in NT)
What shifts: - The OT fractional sense ("a fifth part" = 20% surcharge in restitution law) has no NT equivalent. The NT never uses pemptos as a fraction. - OT usage spans historical, legal, and chronological contexts; NT usage is entirely apocalyptic (Revelation only).
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-05-03