TR: riyb → krisis (Legal Contention/Judgment)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
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רִיב (riyb) → κρίσις (krisis) → κρίσις (krisis)
H7379, 59x 29x as translation 47x in NT
"contention/case" of riyb "judgment"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H7379 | רִיב (riyb) | 59 | legal contention, lawsuit, cause, strife |
| H7378 | רִיב (riyb) | 59 | to contend, plead, strive (cognate verb) |
Key OT passages: - Mic 6:2 — "Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD'S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants thereof" - Psa 43:1 — "Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation" - Deu 25:1 — "If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment"
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Co-occurrences | PMI Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| riyb (H7379) | κρίσις (G2920) | 29 | 20.28 | Primary equivalent |
| riyb (H7379) | ἀντιλογία (G485) | 9 | 17.35 | "Dispute" — preserves contention sense |
| riyb (H7379) | μάχη (G3163) | 8 | 16.53 | "Fight/controversy" |
| riyb (H7379) | κρίνω (G2919) | 15 | 14.26 | Verbal rendering |
| riyb (H7379) | δίκη (G1349) | 6 | 13.83 | "Justice/right" |
| riyb (H7379) | ἀντίδικος (G476) | 4 | 12.56 | "Adversary in a lawsuit" |
Other Hebrew words also rendered as krisis in LXX:
| Hebrew | Co-occurrences | Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| mishpat (H4941) | 132 | 26.33 | Dominant Hebrew source — "verdict, ordinance" |
| riyb (H7379) | 29 | 20.28 | Second-ranked — "contention, case" |
| diyn (H1779) | 9 | 13.92 | "Judgment, cause" |
| tsedaqah (H6666) | 17 | 11.10 | "Righteousness" |
| shaphat (H8199) | 18 | 10.67 | "To judge" |
Semantic shift in translation: The LXX collapses Hebrew's distinction between the dispute brought (riyb) and the verdict rendered (mishpat) into a single Greek term (krisis). Where Hebrew uses riyb for the contention and mishpat for the judicial decision, krisis covers both the process and the outcome. This merger carries into NT usage where krisis encompasses both God's lawsuit against humanity and the sentence pronounced.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G2920 | κρίσις (krisis) | 47 | judgment, decision, condemnation |
| G2919 | κρίνω (krino) | 114 | to judge, decide, condemn |
| G2917 | κρίμα (krima) | 28 | verdict, sentence, condemnation |
Key NT passages: - Mat 5:21 — "whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment (krisis)" - Jhn 3:19 — "And this is the condemnation (krisis), that light is come into the world" - Act 8:33 — "In his humiliation his judgment (krisis) was taken away" (quoting Isa 53:8) - Heb 9:27 — "it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment (krisis)"
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The forensic/judicial framework persists: both riyb and krisis operate within a courtroom metaphor where parties contend, evidence is weighed, and a verdict follows - God as both plaintiff and judge: OT riyb YHWH (the LORD's controversy) corresponds to NT krisis as divine judgment - The advocacy pattern: OT "plead my cause" (riyb) maps onto NT vindication at the krisis
What shifts: - Hebrew distinguishes the dispute (riyb) from the verdict (mishpat); Greek krisis absorbs both - OT riyb frequently describes this-worldly legal proceedings between humans; NT krisis shifts predominantly toward eschatological final judgment - The prophetic covenant-lawsuit genre (riyb pattern in Hosea, Micah) has no direct NT structural equivalent, though the concept of divine prosecution continues in passages like Jude and Revelation
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source) Last updated: 2026-05-11