WG: Sealing
Overview
The sealing concept spans both Testaments, involving a cluster of cognate and semantically equivalent words that cover physical sealing (closure, security), authentication (confirming identity or truth), and spiritual marking (divine ownership and protection).
Word Group Members
| Strong's |
Word |
Transliteration |
POS |
Occurrences |
Role in Concept |
Library Entry |
| G4972 |
σφραγίζω |
sphragizō |
verb |
25 (NT) |
The action — to seal |
G4972 |
| G4973 |
σφραγίς |
sphragis |
noun |
16 (NT) |
The instrument — seal, signet |
G4973-sphragis |
| G2696 |
κατασφραγίζω |
katasphragizō |
verb |
1 (NT) |
Intensive — to seal up completely |
G2696-katasphragizo |
| H2856 |
חָתַם |
chatham |
verb |
23 (OT) |
Hebrew equivalent — to close up, seal |
H2856-chatham |
| H2368 |
חוֹתָם |
chowtham |
noun |
13 (OT) |
Hebrew instrument — seal ring, signet |
H2368-chowtham |
| H5640 |
סָתַם |
satham |
verb |
14 (OT) |
Paired sealing verb — to stop up, shut up, block access |
H5640-catham |
| H2857 |
חֲתַם |
chatham (Aram.) |
verb |
1 (OT) |
Aramaic equivalent — to seal |
A2857-chatham |
Relationships
Shared Roots
- Greek: σφραγίζω (G4972), σφραγίς (G4973), κατασφραγίζω (G2696) — all from root σφραγ-
- Hebrew: חָתַם (H2856), חוֹתָם (H2368), חֲתַם (H2857) — all from root חתם
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)
| Word A |
Word B |
Shared Verses |
Typical Context |
| σφραγίς (G4973) |
κατασφραγίζω (G2696) |
1x |
Rev 5:1 — "sealed with seven seals" |
| σφραγίζω (G4972) |
πνεῦμα (G4151) |
3x |
Eph 1:13; 4:30; 2 Cor 1:22 — "sealed with the Spirit" |
| σφραγίζω (G4972) |
ἅγιος (G40) |
2x |
Eph 1:13; 4:30 — "holy Spirit" as agent |
LXX Bridge
| Hebrew |
Greek Equivalent |
Notes |
| חָתַם (H2856) |
σφραγίζω (G4972) |
Primary LXX rendering; PMI score 9.53 |
| חוֹתָם (H2368) |
σφραγίς (G4973) |
Noun-to-noun correspondence |
Roles in the Concept
- Action (verb): σφραγίζω / חָתַם — the act of sealing
- Instrument (noun): σφραγίς / חוֹתָם — the seal or signet ring used
- Intensive (verb): κατασφραγίζω — emphatic sealing (completely sealed)
- Agent (collocation): πνεῦμα ἅγιον — the Holy Spirit as the one who seals believers
- Result: authentication, security, ownership, concealment (depending on context)
Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together
- Revelation 5:1 — κατασφραγίζω + σφραγίς: "a book sealed with seven seals"
- Ephesians 1:13 — σφραγίζω + πνεῦμα + ἅγιος: "ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise"
- Ephesians 4:30 — σφραγίζω + πνεῦμα + ἅγιος: "grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed"
- Daniel 12:4 / 9:24 (LXX) — חָתַם rendered σφραγίζω: "seal up the vision and prophecy"
Generated from: search_strongs.py, greek_parser.py, co-occurrence queries
Last updated: 2026-03-31