H4394 — מִלֻּא (millu)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H4394
Original: מִלֻּא
Transliteration: milluʼ
Pronunciation: mil-loo
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: מָלֵא (maleʼ, H4390) — to fill, be full; Piel "to consecrate" (lit. "fill the hand")
Occurrences: 15 unique verses (16 tokens)
Books: 3 (Exodus, Leviticus, 1 Chronicles)
First Occurrence: Exo 25:7 — "Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H4390 (maleʼ); a fulfilling (only in plural), i.e. (literally) a setting (of gems), or (technically) consecration (also concretely, a dedicatory sacrifice): — consecration, be set.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
consecration / of consecration	5	33.3%
consecrations / of consecrations / of the consecrations	5	33.3%
of your consecration	1	6.7%
to be set	4	26.7%

Two distinct senses: priestly consecration (11 verses, 73%) and gem setting (4 verses, 27%).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Exodus	8	0.7
Leviticus	6	0.7
1 Chronicles	1	0.1

Concentrated exclusively in the Pentateuchal priestly legislation (Exo 29, Lev 7–8) and tabernacle/temple construction lists (Exo 25, 35; 1Ch 29). Absent from all prophetic, wisdom, and historical books.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Priestly Ordination Sacrifice — "Ram of Consecration"¶

The dominant usage. ʼAyil hammilluʼim ("ram of the consecrations") designates the specific sacrifice offered during priestly ordination. The ritual includes hand-laying, blood application, wave offering, and sacrificial meal.

Exo 29:22 — "Also thou shalt take of the ram the fat and the rump... for it is a ram of consecration"
Exo 29:26 — "thou shalt take the breast of the ram of Aaron's consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD"
Exo 29:31 — "thou shalt take the ram of the consecration, and seethe his flesh in the holy place"
Lev 8:22 — "he brought the other ram, the ram of consecration: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram"
Lev 8:29 — "of the ram of consecration it was Moses' part; as the LORD commanded Moses"

2. Consecration Offerings as Completed Whole¶

Used collectively for the consecration sacrifices (including bread and portions) as a unified sacred entity.

Exo 29:34 — "if ought of the flesh of the consecrations, or of the bread, remain unto the morning, then thou shalt burn the remainder with fire"
Lev 8:28 — "they were consecrations for a sweet savour: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD"
Lev 8:31 — "eat it with the bread that is in the basket of consecrations"

3. Ordination Period¶

The seven-day duration of the consecration process.

Lev 8:33 — "ye shall not go out of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation in seven days, until the days of your consecration be at an end: for seven days shall he consecrate you"
Lev 7:37 — "This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings"

4. Gem Setting (Literal "Filling")¶

The original concrete sense of "filling" — gems set into a mount or socket. Appears only in tabernacle/temple material lists.

Exo 25:7 — "Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate"
Exo 35:9 — "onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod, and for the breastplate"
Exo 35:27 — "the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate"
1Ch 29:2 — "onyx stones, and stones to be set, glistering stones, and of divers colours, and all manner of precious stones"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
אַיִל (ʼayil)	H352	6x (40%)	"ram of consecration" — the ordination animal
לָקַח (laqach)	H3947	5x (33%)	"thou shalt take" — ritual instruction formula
אֶבֶן (ʼeben)	H68	4x (27%)	"stones to be set" — gem-setting sense
אַהֲרוֹן (ʼAharown)	H175	4x (27%)	"Aaron's consecration" — the subject being ordained
שֹׁהַם (shoham)	H7718	4x (27%)	"onyx stones and stones to be set" — gem lists
אֵפוֹד (ʼephod)	H646	3x (20%)	Setting stones in the ephod
חָזֶה (chazeh)	H2373	3x (20%)	"breast of the ram of consecration" — wave offering portion
חֹשֶׁן (choshen)	H2833	3x (20%)	Setting stones in the breastplate
נוּף (nuwph)	H5130	3x (20%)	"wave it for a wave offering" — ritual gesture
תְּנוּפָה (tenuphah)	H8573	3x (20%)	"wave offering" — the offering type associated with millu

Word Family / Cognates¶

H4390 מָלֵא (maleʼ) — root verb: to fill, be full; Piel = "to consecrate" (lit. "fill the hand"), "to set" (gems)
H4391 מְלָא (melaʼ) — Aramaic cognate verb: to fill
H4392 מָלֵא (maleʼ) — adjective: full
H4393 מְלֹא (meloʼ) — noun: fulness, that which fills

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שׂוּם (suwm)	H7760	"set"	General placement; millu is specifically gem-setting (filling a mount)
מוּסַבָּה (muwcabbah)	H4142	"set"	Architectural reversal/turning; millu is inlay/embedding

Semantic Domain¶

Jewellery — Domain neighbors: אֶצְעָדָה (H685), גִּלָּיֹון (H1549), חֹותָם (H2368/H2369), חָח (H2397)

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI	Notes
τελείωσις (teleiosis) G5050	11	10.21	Primary equivalent — "completion, perfecting"
κρέας (kreas) G2907	3	6.00	"flesh" — contextual, not semantic
πληρόω (pleroo) G4137	3	5.79	"fill" — reflects the etymological root sense
λίθος (lithos) G3037	4	4.72	"stone" — contextual in gem-setting passages

The LXX's primary rendering τελείωσις (teleiosis, "completion/perfecting") reveals the translators' interpretation of priestly ordination as a process of "perfecting" or "bringing to completion." This same root appears in Hebrews (τελειόω) for Christ's perfecting of believers (Heb 7:11, 9:9, 10:1, 10:14).