TR: nuwach → anapauo (Rest / Settle / Repose)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
─────────── ─────────────── ────────
נוּחַ (nuwach) → ἀναπαύω (anapauo) → ἀναπαύω (anapauo)
H5117, 67x in OT LXX co-occ: 24x 12x in NT
"to rest, settle" PMI score: 22.95 "to refresh, repose"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H5117 | נוּחַ (nuwach) | 67 | rest, settle down, be at rest |
| H5118 | נוּחַ (nuwach) | — | noun: rest, resting place |
| H4496 | מְנוּחָה (menuchah) | 22 | resting place, settled abode |
Key OT passages: - Gen 8:4 — "And the ark rested in the seventh month... upon the mountains of Ararat." (physical settling) - Jos 21:44 — "And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that he sware unto their fathers" (divine gift of rest from enemies) - Isa 11:2 — "And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him" (spiritual endowment)
LXX Bridge¶
H5117 nuwach → Greek (what Greek words translate this Hebrew word in LXX):
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Co-occ | PMI | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nuwach H5117 | ἀναπαύω (anapauo) G373 | 24 | 22.95 | Primary equivalent — verb of reposing/refreshing |
| nuwach H5117 | καταπαύω (katapauo) G2664 | 18 | 20.00 | Secondary — verb of settling down / ceasing |
| nuwach H5117 | ἀνάπαυσις (anapausis) G372 | 6 | 10.89 | Nominal form — intermission |
| nuwach H5117 | εἰρηνεύω (eireneuo) G1514 | 3 | 9.45 | Peace-focused rendering |
G373 anapauo ← Hebrew (what Hebrew words this Greek word translates):
| Hebrew Source | Strong's | Co-occ | PMI | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| נוּחַ (nuwach) | H5117 | 24 | 22.95 | Primary source |
| רָבַץ (rabats) | H7257 | 8 | 14.84 | Lie down, crouch (animal) |
| שָׁקַט (shaqat) | H8252 | 8 | 13.82 | Be quiet, undisturbed |
| שָׁכַן (shakan) | H7931 | 8 | 10.36 | Dwell, tabernacle |
| רָגַע (raga) | H7280 | 3 | 9.00 | Be quiet, be at rest (momentary) |
Semantic shift in translation: The LXX splits Hebrew nuach between two Greek families. Anapauo captures the refreshment/repose side (Jesus' "Come unto me... I will give you rest" = anapauo). Katapauo captures the cessation/settlement side (the Hebrews 3–4 "enter into rest" = katapausis). The single Hebrew root's breadth is divided into these two Greek channels, each carrying a different connotation into the NT.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G373 | ἀναπαύω (anapauo) | 12 | refresh, give rest, take rest |
| G372 | ἀνάπαυσις (anapausis) | 5 | intermission, rest, refreshment |
Key NT passages: - Matt 11:28 — "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." (Jesus as the giver of rest — echoes the Deuteronomic YHWH-gives-rest formula) - 1 Pet 4:14 — "the spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you" (echoes Isa 11:2 "the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him") - Rev 6:11 — "it was said unto them, that they should rest yet for a little season" (eschatological rest — cf. Dan 12:13 "thou shalt rest")
See G373-anapauo.md for the full canonical word study.
Direct OT→NT Quotations¶
No direct verbatim quotation of an OT nuach passage appears in the NT using anapauo. However, the conceptual echoes are strong:
| NT Verse | Echoes OT | Shared Concept | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matt 11:28–29 | Exo 33:14, Jer 6:16 | "I will give you rest" | Jesus assumes the role of YHWH as rest-giver; Jer 6:16 "ye shall find rest for your souls" — nearly identical wording |
| 1 Pet 4:14 | Isa 11:2 | "the spirit... resteth upon you" | Same construction: ruach + nuach → pneuma + anapauo |
| Rev 14:13 | Dan 12:13 | "that they may rest from their labours" | Eschatological rest for the faithful dead — Dan 12:13 "thou shalt rest and stand in thy lot" |
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The core idea of divinely granted rest from opposition/labor persists from the conquest narratives through Jesus' invitation (Matt 11:28) and Revelation's promise (Rev 14:13) - The Spirit "resting upon" someone as an endowment of divine power runs from Num 11:25 and Isa 11:2 through to 1 Pet 4:14
What shifts: - In the OT, nuach predominantly describes national/political rest (from enemies, in the land); in the NT, anapauo shifts toward personal/spiritual refreshment and eschatological rest - The katapauo branch (not anapauo) carries the more theological "Sabbath rest" argument in Hebrews 3–4, creating a distinct channel that nuach feeds but that is not represented by anapauo in the NT
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-05-12