H8210 — שָׁפַךְ (shâphak)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8210
Original: שָׁפַךְ
Transliteration: shâphak
Pronunciation: shaw-fak'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Occurrences: 111 unique verses (124 tokens) across 24 books
First Occurrence: Gen 9:6 — "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively, to sprawl out: — cast (up), gush out, pour (out), shed(-der, out), slip.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Qal	~104	to pour, pour out, shed (active)
Niphal	7	to be poured out, be shed (passive)
Pual	3	to be poured out (intensive passive)
Hithpael	3	to pour oneself out, be poured out upon oneself (reflexive)

Notable Niphal passives: Gen 9:6 ("his blood shall be shed"), Deu 12:27, 19:10, 1Ki 13:3,5, Eze 16:36, Lam 2:11, Psa 22:14. Hithpael occurs only in laments (Job 30:16; Lam 2:12; 4:1) describing the self poured out in distress.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Unique Verses	%
shed / sheddeth / shedder / is shed / be shed / to shed	~30	27%
pour out / pour / shall pour out / poured out / is poured out / was poured out	~60	54%
cast (up) / and cast / and cast up / by casting up / and they cast up	~8	7%
gushed out	1	1%
slipped	1	1%
Other compound/fragment renderings	~11	10%

Dominant gloss pairs: pour out (blood, wrath, spirit, heart, water) and shed (blood — always violent/judicial).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Lamentations	7	4.5
Joel	3	4.1
Zephaniah	2	3.8
Ezekiel	32	2.5
Amos	2	1.4
Leviticus	8	0.9
Deuteronomy	6	0.6
1 Kings	4	0.5
Psalms	12	0.5
Jeremiah	7	0.5
Hosea	1	0.5
Zechariah	1	0.5
2 Kings	3	0.4
1 Samuel	3	0.4
2 Samuel	2	0.3
Isaiah	4	0.3
Job	3	0.3
Daniel	1	0.3
Exodus	2	0.2
Judges	1	0.2
1 Chronicles	2	0.2
Proverbs	2	0.2
Genesis	2	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1

Heavily concentrated in the prophets of judgment (Ezekiel 32x alone — nearly 30% of all uses). Exilic and oracular literature (Lamentations, Joel, Zephaniah, Ezekiel) shows the densest figurative use; legal texts (Leviticus, Deuteronomy) use it cultically for blood at the altar.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Shedding Blood (violent or judicial)¶

Gen 9:6 — "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed."
Num 35:33 — "blood it defileth the land... it cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed."
2 Kings 21:16 — "Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem."
Prov 6:17 — "hands that shed innocent blood."

2. Pouring Blood at the Altar (cultic)¶

Exo 29:12 — "thou shalt pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar."
Lev 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34 — priest "shall pour" the rest of the bullock's blood at the altar base.
Deu 12:27 — "the blood of thy sacrifices shall be poured out upon the altar."

3. Pouring Out Divine Wrath / Fury / Indignation¶

Eze 7:8 — "Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee, and accomplish mine anger."
Eze 22:22 — "I the LORD have poured out my fury upon you."
Jer 6:11 — "I will pour it out upon the children abroad."
Hos 5:10 — "I will pour out my wrath upon them like water."
Lam 2:4 — "he poured out his fury like fire."
Zep 3:8 — "to pour upon them mine indignation, even all my fierce anger."

4. Pouring Out the Spirit (eschatological promise)¶

Joel 2:28 — "I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh."
Joel 2:29 — "upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit."
Ezk 39:29 — "I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel."
Zec 12:10 — "I will pour upon the house of David... the spirit of grace and of supplications."

5. Pouring Out the Soul / Heart / Complaint (inner expression)¶

1 Sam 1:15 — "I... have poured out my soul before the LORD."
Psa 42:4 — "I pour out my soul in me."
Psa 62:8 — "pour out your heart before him."
Psa 102:1 — title — "poureth out his complaint before the LORD."
Lam 2:19 — "pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord."

6. Pouring Water or Libation¶

Exo 4:9 — "the water... shall become blood upon the dry land."
1 Sam 7:6 — "drew water, and poured it out before the LORD."
Deu 12:16, 24; 15:23 — "ye shall pour it upon the earth as water."

7. Casting Up a Mound / Siege-Ramp (military)¶

2 Sam 20:15 — "they cast up a bank against the city."
2 Kings 19:32 / Isa 37:33 — "nor cast a bank against it."
Jer 6:6 — "cast a mount against Jerusalem."
Eze 4:2; 17:17; 21:22; 26:8 — siege-mound idiom.
Dan 11:15 — "the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount."

8. Figurative Extensions (contempt, gall, tears, life)¶

Job 12:21 — "He poureth contempt upon princes."
Job 16:13 — "he poureth out my gall upon the ground."
Job 30:16 — "now my soul is poured out upon me" (Hithpael).
Lam 2:11 — "my liver is poured upon the earth" (Niphal).

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עַל (ʻal) — upon	H5921	64x (58%)	"pour out upon" — directional target
דָּם (dâm) — blood	H1818	50x (45%)	"shed blood" / "pour out blood" — dominant object
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	25x (23%)	the subject or addressee of the pouring
אֶרֶץ (ʼerets) — earth/land	H776	21x (19%)	"pour upon the earth" / "blood defiles the land"
חֵמָה (chêmâh) — fury, wrath	H2534	18x (16%)	"pour out my fury" — idiom for judgment
נָתַן (nâthan) — give/put	H5414	17x (15%)	parallel action verb in judgment oracles
פָּנִים (pânîym) — face	H6440	15x (14%)	"before the face of the LORD" — for soul/heart
מַיִם (mayim) — water	H4325	11x (10%)	"pour out like water" — simile of volume
נָקִי (nâqîy) — innocent	H5355	10x (9%)	"shed innocent blood" — specific indictment

Word Family / Cognates¶

H8211 שֶׁפֶךְ (shephek) — a pouring-out / rubbish-heap (of ashes) — related noun (Lev 4:12).
H8212 שׇׁפְכָה (shophkah) — male organ (euphemism from "outflow").

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8210.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8210.

Easily Confused Words (KJV + LXX overlap)¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
יָצַק (yâtsaq)	H3332	"pour out" / "poured out" / "cast"	yatsaq = controlled pouring (casting metal, anointing oil, measured libation); shaphak = unrestrained outpouring, often violent/judicial
נָתַךְ (nâthak)	H5413	"shall be poured out"	nathak = to flow down, melt, be poured down (often of molten metal or divine wrath melting); shaphak = to spill forth horizontally, target-directed
שָׁלַךְ (shâlak)	H7993	"cast" / "and cast"	shalak = to throw out/down/away (objects, persons); shaphak = to pour (liquid or mound material)
נָבַע (nâbaʻ)	H5042	"pour out" (of words)	naba = to gush/bubble forth (of speech from within); shaphak = to spill outward, directed onto something
זָרַם (zâram)	H2229	"poured out"	zaram = to gush as flood-water (natural force); shaphak = volitional pouring, agentive

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[002002001004] Non-Contain — search_relationships.py places shaphak in the spill/burst-beyond-containment field, matching the verb's core sense of pouring out.
[002003002005] Chastise — the same tool captures the punitive outpouring of fury, wrath, and blood in judgment texts.
[002004001009002] Complain — lament passages where soul, complaint, or heart is poured out place shaphak in the complaint field as well.
[002001001019] Dead — bloodshed and life poured out connect the verb strongly to death-related vocabulary.
[002004001001001] Desire — a secondary overlap reflects inner-force language, especially in texts where heart or soul is poured out.
[002003003011] Engage — the verb also appears in active expenditure/commitment contexts, where life, wrath, or spirit is directed onto a target.
[002002002005] Exist — the relationship tool registers life/existence overlap where blood or soul is poured out.
[002003003013] Fail — depletion/collapse language appears when strength, soul, or inward parts are poured out in distress.
[002001002013] Grieve — lament and sorrow contexts make grief another recurring semantic neighbor.
[002001001024] Impact — bloodshed and forceful striking create a direct overlap with impact/physical-force language.
[002004002007] Know — spirit-pouring and revelatory contexts produce a secondary link to knowledge/recognition language.
[002003002021] Scatter — the spreading/diffusive side of pouring places shaphak near scattering vocabulary.
[002001002025] Shame — contempt/pollution texts (e.g., pouring contempt, bloodguilt, disgrace) connect the verb to shame language.
[002001001064] Weak — exhaustion and spent-out weakness, especially in poetic laments, round out the field.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occ	PMI	Score	Notes
ἐκχέω (ekchéō) G1632	99	7.46	34.35	Dominant equivalent — used in ~89% of LXX renderings; carries all senses (blood, wrath, spirit) into NT (Acts 2:17-18, 33; Rom 5:5; Rev 16)
αἷμα (haîma) G129	48	5.11	19.91	Co-occurs as object "blood" rather than as translation of the verb
θυμός (thymós) G2372	21	4.21	13.01	Co-occurs as object "fury/wrath" in judgment oracles
ὀργή (orgḗ) G3709	10	3.23	7.76	Co-occurs as object "wrath"
ἄθωος (áthōos) G121	7	5.06	10.51	Co-occurs as adjective "innocent" (blood)
χάραξ (chárax) G5482	4	6.35	10.22	"Siege mound" rendering — for the military sense

The ἐκχέω bridge is strong and carries the full theological range of shaphak into the Greek Bible, including the Pentecost citation of Joel 2:28-29.