G130 — αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G130
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Transliteration: haimatekchysia
Pronunciation: hahee-mat-ek-khoo-see'-ah
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: Compound of αἷμα (haima, G129, "blood") + a derivative of ἐκχέω (ekcheo, G1632, "to pour out")
Occurrences: 1 token in 1 unique verse across 1 book
First Occurrence: Heb 9:22 — "without shedding of blood is no remission"
Hapax Legomenon: YES — this word appears only once in the entire Bible. Not attested in prior Greek literature; apparently coined by the author of Hebrews.

Lexicon Definition¶

From αἷμα (G129) and a derivative of ἐκχέω (G1632); an effusion of blood: — shedding of blood.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 023 — Physiological Processes and States
Subdomain: 023.009 — Sickness, Disease, Weakness
Glosses: to cause bleeding | to cause blood to flow | the flow of blood
Other words in subdomain: αἷμα (G129), αἱμοῤῥέω (G131), θάνατος (G2288), ῥύσις (G4511), πηγή (G4077)

Note: The Louw-Nida classification groups this word with physiological blood-flow terms. The actual NT usage is exclusively sacrificial/cultic — the deliberate shedding of blood in atonement, not disease or hemorrhage.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
shedding of blood	1	100%

As a hapax legomenon, there is no translation variation to analyze.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hebrews	1	0.3

Exclusive to Hebrews, within the author's extended argument comparing old-covenant sacrificial blood ritual with Christ's once-for-all offering (chapters 9-10).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sacrificial Blood-Shedding as Prerequisite for Forgiveness¶

Heb 9:22 — "And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood (haimatekchysia) is no remission."

This is the only occurrence. The word functions as an abstract noun denoting the event of blood being shed in sacrificial context. The sentence frames it as a universal negative principle: no aphesis (remission/forgiveness) exists apart from haimatekchysia. The qualifier "almost" (schedon) acknowledges Levitical exceptions (flour offerings, Lev 5:11-13; water purification, Num 31:23), but the governing principle is that blood-shedding is the normative mechanism of ritual purification and forgiveness under the law.

Common Collocations¶

As a hapax, no meaningful co-occurrence statistics can be generated from the word itself. However, the verse in which it appears (Heb 9:22) contains:

Word	Strong's	Context
αἷμα (haima)	G129	"purged with blood" — the substance whose shedding haimatekchysia denotes
ἄφεσις (aphesis)	G859	"remission" — the result that blood-shedding secures
καθαρίζω (katharizo)	G2511	"purged" — the ritual purification accomplished through blood
νόμος (nomos)	G3551	"law" — the legal framework prescribing blood purification

Word Family / Cognates¶

G129 αἷμα (haima) — blood (99 tokens, 92v); the substance component of the compound
G131 αἱμοῤῥέω (haimorrheo) — to flow with blood, hemorrhage (hapax: Matt 9:20); same αἷμα root, but denotes involuntary physiological bleeding, not sacrificial shedding
G1632 ἐκχέω (ekcheo) — to pour out, shed (28 tokens); the verbal action component of the compound; used for both literal blood-shedding (Matt 23:35, Acts 22:20) and Spirit-pouring (Acts 2:17, 33)
G184 Ἀκελδαμά (Akeldama) — "field of blood" (Acts 1:19); Aramaic loan with αἷμα cognate

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
αἷμα (haima)	G129	"blood" in "shedding of blood"	haima = the substance; haimatekchysia = the event of shedding it
ἐκχέω (ekcheo)	G1632	"shed" in "shed blood"	ekcheo = the verb (to pour out); haimatekchysia = the abstract noun (the shedding)

The compound haimatekchysia fills a lexical gap: Greek had no single noun for "sacrificial blood-shedding." The author of Hebrews coined it by fusing the object (haima) with the action (ekchysis, from ekcheo) into one term, enabling the concise universal negative statement of Heb 9:22b.

Hebrew Source¶

No direct LXX mapping exists — this word was coined for the NT and does not appear in the Septuagint.

The underlying OT concept draws on the Hebrew vocabulary of sacrificial blood manipulation: - H1818 דָּם (dam) — blood; the OT substance term (360v) - H8210 שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) — to pour out, shed (blood); the primary OT verb for blood-shedding (Gen 9:6, Lev 17:4, Deut 21:7) - H2236 זָרַק (zaraq) — to sprinkle, toss (blood against the altar); ritual application verb

The phrase "shedding of blood" in Hebrew would be expressed periphrastically (shaphak dam, "pour out blood"), never as a single word. The Hebrews author's innovation was creating a Greek compound to express this entire concept as one term.