H4775 — מָרַד (mârad)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H4775
Original: מָרַד
Transliteration: mârad
Pronunciation: maw-rad
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root: to rebel; compare the Aramaic noun H4776 מְרַד (mᵉrad), "rebellion"
Occurrences: 29 aligned tokens across 23 unique verses in 11 books
First Occurrence: Gen 14:4 — "Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root meaning to rebel. The lexical range is narrow and stable: revolt, refusal of subordination, and open defection from an authority.

KJV alignment renderings are overwhelmingly built on the same core idea: rebel, rebelled, thou rebellest, the rebels, rebellious.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Qal	25 visible parser tokens	rebel, revolt, stand in defection from an authority

Exact verse-by-verse parser review surfaces only Qal forms for the lexical verb itself: perfect, imperfect, wayyiqtol, participle, and infinitive construct. The Strong's gatherer reports 29 aligned tokens overall, indicating some alignment duplication beyond the visible Hebrew verb tokens.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
rebel	4	17.4%
rebelled	3	13.0%
and rebelled	2	8.7%
that	2	8.7%
thou rebellest	2	8.7%
But he rebelled	1	4.3%
a rebellious	1	4.3%
and hath rebelled	1	4.3%
and have rebelled	1	4.3%
and he rebelled	1	4.3%
hath rebelled	1	4.3%
he	1	4.3%
of those that rebel against	1	4.3%
should rebel	1	4.3%
that ye might rebel	1	4.3%
the rebels	1	4.3%
they rebelled	1	4.3%
to rebel	1	4.3%
we have rebelled	1	4.3%
will	1	4.3%

Several minor English renderings are alignment fragments rather than distinct senses. The semantic center remains straightforward revolt or rebellion.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Nehemiah	3	0.7
Joshua	4	0.6
2 Kings	4	0.6
Daniel	2	0.6
2 Chronicles	2	0.2
Ezekiel	3	0.2
Genesis	1	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1
Isaiah	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1
Job	1	0.1

The verb is most at home in historical-political narrative and in prophetic/confessional restatement of rebellion. Joshua, Kings, Nehemiah, and Daniel carry the highest density.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Revolt Against Human Rule¶

Gen 14:4 — subject peoples "rebelled" against Chedorlaomer.
2 Kgs 18:7 — Hezekiah "rebelled against the king of Assyria."
2 Kgs 24:1 — Jehoiakim "turned and rebelled" against Nebuchadnezzar.
2 Chr 36:13 — Zedekiah "rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar."

2. Rebellion Against YHWH in Covenant or Cultic Context¶

Num 14:9 — "Only rebel not ye against the LORD."
Josh 22:16 — altar-building is framed as potential rebellion "against the LORD."
Josh 22:19 — "rebel not against the LORD, nor rebel against us."
Josh 22:29 — the tribes deny any intent "to rebel against the LORD."

3. National or Corporate Rebellion Named in Prophetic Indictment and Confession¶

Neh 9:26 — Israel's history is summarized: "they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee."
Ezek 2:3 — Israel is "a rebellious nation that hath rebelled against me."
Dan 9:5 — Daniel's confession includes "we have rebelled."
Dan 9:9 — "though we have rebelled against him."

4. Rebels as a Class, Reputation, or Standing Description¶

Neh 2:19 — opponents accuse the builders: "will ye rebel against the king?"
Neh 6:6 — the Jews are reported to "think to rebel."
Job 24:13 — the wicked are "those that rebel against the light."
Ezek 20:38 — YHWH will purge out "the rebels."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	10x	rebellion named directly against YHWH
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	7x	revolt against a king or imperial overlord
שׁוּב (shuwb)	H7725	6x	rebellion paired with turning away or not returning
אֱלֹהִים (elohim)	H430	5x	covenant-God framing around rebellion
יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'el)	H3478	5x	national/corporate rebellion setting
בָּנָה (banah)	H1129	4x	building an altar or wall interpreted as revolt
דָּבָר (dabar)	H1697	4x	reported accusation, counsel, or confession language
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach)	H4196	3x	altar-building controversy in Joshua 22

Word Family / Cognates¶

H4776 מְרַד (mᵉrad) — Aramaic noun: rebellion

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H4775.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H4775.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
מָרָה (mârâh)	H4784	rebel / rebelled	broader verb: rebel, resist, provoke, be bitter; carries stronger resistance/provocation nuance than simple revolt
פָּשַׁע (pâshaʻ)	H6586	rebelled	broader break with rightful authority; often shades into transgression, apostasy, or revolt
סָרָה (çârâh)	H5627	revolt / rebellion	noun of defection or apostasy rather than the act of rebelling itself

Semantic Domain¶

Code	Domain Label	Notes
002001002031	Unwilling	marks refusal to remain under an authority, whether royal or divine

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ἀφίστημι (aphistemi)	G868	11	6.38	strongest bridge; departure/defection verb, well suited to revolt language
ἀθετέω (atheteo)	G114	5	6.91	reject, set aside; highlights repudiation of authority or obligation
ἀποστρέφω (apostrepho)	G654	3	3.05	turn away/back; overlaps contexts where rebellion is framed as turning aside
ἐπιστρέφω (epistrepho)	G1994	3	2.94	appears where rebellion is contrasted with turning back

The dominant Greek bridge is ἀφίστημι, with ἀθετέω as the main secondary equivalent. Together they preserve the core sense of defection from an authority.