H1391 — גִּבְעוֹן (Gibʻôwn)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H1391
Original: גִּבְעוֹן
Transliteration: Gibʻôwn
Pronunciation: ghib-ohn
Part of Speech: Proper locative noun (n-pr)
Root / Etymology: Lexicon gloss: "hilly"; place-name in Palestine.
Occurrences: 35 unique verses (37 tokens) across 8 books
First Occurrence: Josh 9:3 — "And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Hilly; Gibon, a place in Palestine:—Gibeon.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
of Gibeon	12	34.3%
Gibeon	7	20.0%
at Gibeon	7	20.0%
in Gibeon	3	8.6%
from Gibeon	2	5.7%
to Gibeon	2	5.7%
And at Gibeon	1	2.9%
And in Gibeon	1	2.9%
In Gibeon	1	2.9%
upon Gibeon	1	2.9%

All KJV renderings are simple prepositional or genitival forms of the same place-name.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Joshua	13	2.0
2 Samuel	6	0.9
1 Chronicles	5	0.5
Nehemiah	2	0.5
1 Kings	3	0.4
Jeremiah	3	0.2
2 Chronicles	2	0.2
Isaiah	1	0.1

Pattern: Gibeon is concentrated in Joshua, where it enters the story as the treaty city whose diplomacy reshapes the conquest narrative. Later occurrences cluster around its role as a military landmark, a cultic high place, and a remembered historical location in prophetic and post-exilic texts.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Treaty City / Gibeonite Diplomacy¶

Josh 9:3 — "the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai"
Josh 9:17 — "their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim"
Josh 11:19 — "There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon"

2. Battlefield and Strategic Landmark¶

Josh 10:2 — "they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city"
Josh 10:10 — "slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon"
Josh 10:12 — "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon"
2 Sam 2:13 — "met together by the pool of Gibeon"
2 Sam 20:8 — "at the great stone which is in Gibeon"

3. Cultic High Place / Tabernacle Site¶

1 Kings 3:4 — "the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place"
1 Kings 3:5 — "In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night"
1 Kings 9:2 — "as he had appeared unto him at Gibeon"
1 Chr 16:39 — "the tabernacle of the LORD in the high place that was at Gibeon"
2 Chr 1:3 — "went to the high place that was at Gibeon"

4. Settlement, Genealogical, and Civic Identifier¶

Josh 18:25 — "Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth"
Josh 21:17 — "Gibeon with her suburbs"
1 Chr 8:29 — "at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon"
Neh 3:7 — "the men of Gibeon"
Neh 7:25 — "The children of Gibeon, ninety and five"

5. Prophetic and Historical Recollection¶

Isa 28:21 — "he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon"
Jer 28:1 — "Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon"
Jer 41:12 — "found him by the great waters that are in Gibeon"
Jer 41:16 — "from the great waters in Gibeon"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	9x	YHWH acts or appears at Gibeon, especially in conquest and Solomon contexts
יָשַׁב (yâshab)	H3427	7x	"inhabitants of Gibeon" / dwelling at Gibeon
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl)	H3478	7x	Gibeon in relation to Israel's covenant people
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ)	H3091	6x	Joshua treaty and battle narratives
בָּמָה (bâmâh)	H1116	5x	Gibeon as the great high place
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	5x	kings attack, rule, or worship in relation to Gibeon
נָכָה (nâkâh)	H5221	5x	military striking / slaughter at Gibeon
שְׁלֹמֹה (Shᵉlômôh)	H8010	5x	Solomon's sacrifices and dream at Gibeon

Word Family / Cognates¶

A1401 גִּבָּר (gibbar) — Aramaic place-name cognate / variant returned by search_relationships.py.

Synonyms¶

No additional synonyms returned by search_relationships.py beyond the Aramaic cognate A1401.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H1391.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
גַּבְרִיאֵל (Gabrîʾēl)	H1403	common mistaken-number lookup	H1403 is the angel Gabriel; H1391 is the city Gibeon.

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[003001010] Names of Locations — the primary domain for Gibʻôwn as a place-name. Neighbor set includes H57 אָבֵל, H1038/H62 אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה, H63 אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים, H64 אָבֵל כְּרָמִים, and H65 אָבֵל מְחֹולָה.
[003001007] Names of People — search_relationships.py also links the lemma to the people-name field, fitting passages such as 1 Chr 8:29 and 9:35 where "the father of Gibeon" preserves an eponymic naming tradition. Neighbor set includes H5 אֲבַגְתָא, H21 אֲבִי, H45 אֲבִי עַלְבֹון, H22 אֲבִיאֵל, H23 אֲבִיאָסָף, and H26 אֲבִיגַיִל.

LXX Mapping¶

The PMI-ranked alignment below reflects Greek verse-level vocabulary in passages where H1391 occurs. Because proper names are often preserved by transliteration, the table surfaces the narrative and cultic setting around Gibeon more than a single direct lexical equivalent for the place-name itself.

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI	Notes
Ἰησοῦς	G2424	4	3.55	Joshua-context cluster in the conquest narratives
σκηνή	G4633	4	3.02	Tabernacle language in the cultic Gibeon passages
κατοικέω	G2730	5	2.66	Residence / inhabitation language around Gibeon
παῖς	G3816	4	2.94	Servant / son vocabulary in the narrative settings
πόλεμος	G4171	3	2.97	Warfare setting around the battle narratives
ἔρημος	G2048	3	2.68	Wilderness / desolate-setting co-occurrence in related scenes
μέγας	G3173	4	2.26	"Great" city / high-place contexts
Ἰσραήλ	G2474	8	1.29	Israel-wide covenant and conquest setting