TR: yayin → oinos (Wine)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
─────────── ─────────────── ────────
יַיִן (yayin) → οἶνος (oinos) → οἶνος (oinos)
H3196, 134x 115x as translation 25x in NT
"wine" of yayin "wine"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H3196 | יַיִן (yayin) | 134 | wine (as fermented grape juice) |
Key OT passages: - Gen 9:21 — "And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent." (First occurrence — Noah; wine linked to shame) - Lev 10:9 — "Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die" (Priestly prohibition) - Jer 51:7 — "Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD's hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad." (Direct background for Rev 14:8, 17:2, 18:3) - Prov 20:1 — "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise."
Library: TODO(need H3196 study)
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Co-occurrences | PMI Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| yayin (H3196) | οἶνος (G3631) | 115x | 33.06 |
| yayin (H3196) | πίνω (G4095) | 40x | 19.07 |
| yayin (H3196) | σίκερα (G4608) | 12x | 19.01 |
Reverse direction — other Hebrew words also rendered as oinos in LXX:
| Hebrew | Co-occurrences | PMI Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| תִּירוֹשׁ (tirosh) H8492 | 37x | 25.51 | New/fresh wine; harvest blessing |
| שֵׁכָר (shekar) H7941 | 17x | 20.14 | Strong drink; not grape-based |
| חֲמַר (chamar) A2562 | 6x | 13.72 | Aramaic word for wine |
Semantic shift in translation: Minimal. Both yayin and oinos denote fermented grape wine as their core meaning. The LXX mapping is straightforward — oinos is the default Greek equivalent. One notable compression: tirosh (fresh/new wine, a distinct Hebrew word) is also rendered oinos in the LXX, collapsing a distinction the Hebrew preserves between fermented (yayin) and unfermented (tirosh) grape products.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G3631 | οἶνος (oinos) | 25 | wine |
| G3630 | οἰνοπότης (oinopotes) | 2 | wine-drinker |
| G3632 | οἰνοφλυγία (oinophlygia) | 1 | excess of wine |
Key NT passages: - Rev 14:8 — "she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication" (echoes Jer 51:7) - Rev 14:10 — "shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture" (God's answering cup) - Eph 5:18 — "be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit"
Library: G3631-oinos.md
Direct OT→NT Quotations¶
No direct quotations of yayin passages appear in the NT. However, the Revelation "Babylon's wine" imagery draws heavily on OT prophetic language:
| NT Verse | Echoes OT | Shared Concept | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rev 14:8 | Jer 51:7 | Babylon's intoxicating wine given to nations | Identical structure: Babylon + cup/wine + nations + drunkenness |
| Rev 17:2 | Jer 51:7; Hos 4:11 | Wine of fornication | Combines Jeremiah's Babylon-wine with Hosea's whoredom-wine link |
| Rev 16:19 | Ps 75:8; Isa 51:17 | Cup of God's wrath | OT "cup of wrath" imagery (yayin not always the explicit word) |
Word Family¶
| Strong's | Word | POS | NT Occurrences | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G3631 | οἶνος (oinos) | noun | 25 | wine |
| G3630 | οἰνοπότης (oinopotes) | noun | 2 | wine-drinker/drunkard (Mat 11:19, Luk 7:34) |
| G3632 | οἰνοφλυγία (oinophlygia) | noun | 1 | excess of wine (1Pe 4:3) |
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - Wine as a literal agricultural product and daily beverage - Warnings against excess/drunkenness (Lev 10:9 → Eph 5:18; Prov 20:1 → 1Ti 3:8) - Abstinence for those set apart (Num 6:3 Nazirite → Luk 1:15 John the Baptist) - Babylon's wine as a metaphor for deceptive, intoxicating false teaching that corrupts nations (Jer 51:7 → Rev 14:8, 17:2, 18:3)
What shifts: - The OT uses yayin across wisdom, worship, blessing, and judgment contexts in roughly equal measure. The NT concentrates oinos heavily in two clusters: the Gospels (parabolic/narrative) and Revelation (apocalyptic judgment). The middle NT (epistles) uses it sparingly, only for conduct instructions. - Revelation develops the "Babylon's wine" image far beyond its Jeremiah seed, creating a double-cup motif: Babylon's cup of fornication-wine (Rev 14:8, 17:2, 18:3) answered by God's cup of wrath-wine (Rev 14:10, 16:19, 19:15).
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-04-13