WG: Weeks — Sacred Time and the Seven-Structure¶
Overview¶
The Hebrew sacred-time vocabulary builds from a single root: שֶׁבַע (sheba, seven). Four words form the cluster:
| Strong's | Word | Transliteration | POS | Verses | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H7651 | שֶׁבַע | shebaʻ | noun (m/f) | 345 | The number: seven |
| H7676 | שַׁבָּת | shabbâth | noun (m/f) | 89 | The day: the 7th-day rest |
| H2282 | חַג | chag | noun (m) | 55 | The feast: festival occasions |
| H7620 | שָׁבוּעַ | shâbûwaʻ | noun (m) | 17 | The unit: the week (a "sevened" period) |
Library entries: - H7651: TODO(need H7651 study) - H7676: H7676-shabbath - H2282: H2282-chag.md
Relationships¶
Shared Roots¶
- H7620 (shabuwa) is literally the passive participle of H7650 (shaba, to swear) used as a denominative of H7651 (sheba, seven) — shabuwa = "the sevened [period]"
- H7676 (shabbath) derives from H7673 (shabath, to rest/cease) — the seventh day as cessation
- H7651 (sheba, seven) is the base number underlying all three
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶
| Word A | Word B | Shared Verses | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| H7651 sheba | H2282 chag | 20 | "feast on the seventh day" — numbers qualify feast duration |
| H7620 shabuwa | H2282 chag | 5 | "feast of weeks" — Shavuot/Pentecost formula |
| H7620 shabuwa | H7651 sheba | 3 | "seven weeks" — counting period for Pentecost (Deut 16:9) and Dan 9:25 |
| H2282 chag | H7676 shabbath | 3 | Annual calendar lists: "sabbaths, new moons, feasts" |
| H7651 sheba | H7676 shabbath | 2 | "seven sabbaths" — Lev 23:15 counting formula |
| H7620 shabuwa | H7676 shabbath | 1 | 2Chr 8:13 — all three calendar units in one verse |
Shared Greek Targets (LXX bridge)¶
| Hebrew Words | Shared Greek | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| H2282 (primary), H7620, H7651, H7676 | G1859 ἑορτή (heortē, feast) | LXX festival vocabulary — heortē bridges all four members in festival contexts |
| H7651 (primary), H2282, H7620 | G2033 ἑπτά (heptá, seven) | The number component in festival counting phrases |
| H7651, H7676 | G1442 ἕβδομος (hébdomos, seventh) | Ordinal form used for Sabbath and the seventh of a series |
Roles in the Concept¶
- Foundation — sheba (H7651): The number seven that structures all else. The week has seven days; the Feast of Weeks comes after seven weeks; the Sabbath is the seventh day; Daniel's prophecy spans seventy sevens.
- Anchor — shabbath (H7676): The weekly reset point. The Sabbath is the structural unit that makes counting possible; Lev 23:15 counts from the Sabbath to the next feast.
- Festival — chag (H2282): The festive occasion. Chag marks the celebratory character of appointed times; appears most often in "Feast of Weeks," "Feast of Unleavened Bread," and "Feast of Tabernacles."
- Period — shabuwa (H7620): The counted interval. Shabuwa names the seven-day unit itself; it is both the ordinary week (Genesis, Leviticus) and the prophetic heptad (Daniel 9).
Key Passages Where Multiple Members Appear Together¶
- Lev 23:15 — "And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath (H7676)... seven (H7651) sabbaths shall be complete" — the counting formula that leads to the Feast of Weeks
- Deut 16:9–10 — "Seven (H7651) weeks (H7620) shalt thou number... thou shalt keep the feast (H2282) of weeks" — all three count-words together
- 2Chr 8:13 — "on the sabbaths (H7676), and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts (H2282), three times in a year... the feast of weeks (H7620)" — the complete liturgical calendar
- Dan 9:24–27 — "Seventy weeks (H7620) are determined" — shabuwa extended from 7-day periods to 7-year periods (weeks of years), the most expansive prophetic use
Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py H7620 H7651 H2282 H7676 Last updated: 2026-04-01