TR: kabad → doxazō (Honor/Glorify — Verb)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)         Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────         ────────
כָּבַד (kabad)      →  δοξάζω (doxazō)     →  δοξάζω (doxazō)
H3513, 108x            28x as translation      54x in NT
"be heavy → honor"     of kabad                "glorify"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H3513	כָּבַד (kabad)	108	be heavy; Piel/Hiphil: honor, glorify
H3519	כָּבוֹד (kabod)	196	glory, honor, abundance (cognate noun)

Key OT passages: - Lev 10:3 — "I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all the people I will be glorified (kabad)" - Deu 5:16 — "Honour (kabad) thy father and thy mother" - 1 Sam 2:30 — "them that honour (kabad) me I will honour (kabad)" - Isa 24:15 — "glorify (kabad) ye the LORD in the fires"

Library: TODO(need H3513 study)

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	Notes
kabad (H3513)	δοξάζω (G1392)	28x	Honor/glorify sense — dominant bridge
kabad (H3513)	βαρύνω (G925)	25x	Physical weight/hardening sense
kabad (H3513)	ἔνδοξος (G1741)	14x	Adjectival "glorious"
kabad (H3513)	τιμάω (G5091)	10x	"honor" in interpersonal contexts
kabad (H3513)	βαρύς (G926)	7x	Adjective "heavy, burdensome"

Semantic split in translation: The LXX cleanly separates kabad's two semantic poles. When kabad means "be heavy, burden, harden" (physical weight), βαρύνω is used (e.g., Pharaoh's hardened heart, Exod 8:15, 32; 9:7, 34). When kabad means "honor, glorify" (relational weight/importance), δοξάζω is used (e.g., "honour thy father," "glorify the LORD"). This split is systematic — the semantic range of kabad was judged too wide for a single Greek verb.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G1392	δοξάζω (doxazō)	54	glorify, render/esteem glorious
G1391	δόξα (doxa)	151	glory, honor, splendor (cognate noun)

Key NT passages: - Matt 5:16 — "glorify your Father which is in heaven" (cf. Isa 24:15 kabad) - John 17:4 — "I have glorified thee on the earth" - Rom 1:21 — "they glorified him not as God" (echoes 1 Sam 2:30) - 1 Pet 2:12 — "glorify God in the day of visitation" (cf. Isa 24:15)

Library: G1392-doxazo.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Rom 15:9	Psa 18:49 / 2 Sam 22:50	kabad concept → doxazō	"Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy"
1 Pet 2:12	echoes Isa 24:15	kabad → doxazō	"glorify God in the day of visitation"
Acts 3:13	echoes Isa 52:13	pa'ar/kabad → doxazō	"hath glorified his Son Jesus"

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core meaning of rendering honor, ascribing weight/importance to God, persists from kabad → doxazō - The ethical command pattern ("honor your father," "glorify God") carries directly - The retributive principle of 1 Sam 2:30 — those who honor God will be honored — reappears in John 12:26

What shifts: - In the OT, kabad covers both physical heaviness and relational honor; the LXX split isolates the honor sense into doxazō, making the NT usage more focused - The NT develops a mutual glorification theology absent from the OT: Father glorifies Son, Son glorifies Father, Spirit glorifies Son (John 13:31-32; 16:14; 17:1-5) - The passive "being glorified" takes on an eschatological dimension (Rom 8:30) beyond the OT usage pattern