G4536 — σάλπιγξ (sálpinx)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G4536
Original: σάλπιγξ
Transliteration: sálpinx
Pronunciation: sal'-pinx
Part of Speech: Feminine noun (n-f)
Root: σαλπ- (salp-) — possibly related to quavering or reverberation
Occurrences: 11 in NT
First Occurrence: Matt 24:31 — "he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

σάλπιγξ, -ιγγος, ἡ — perhaps from an obsolete root through the idea of quavering or reverberation; a trumpet. KJV renders as: trump, trumpet(s).

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 006.012 — Musical Instruments (within 006: Artifacts)
Glosses: trumpet | trumpet blast | trumpet sound

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[006] Artifacts

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
of a trumpet	3	27%
trumpet	2	18%
trumpets	2	18%
a trumpet	1	9%
the trump	1	9%
the trumpet	1	9%
trump	1	9%

All variants render the same word; KJV uses both "trump" (archaic) and "trumpet" interchangeably.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Revelation	6	1.5
1 Thessalonians	1	1.1
1 Corinthians	2	0.5
Hebrews	1	0.3
Matthew	1	0.1

Heavily concentrated in Revelation (55% of occurrences) and eschatological passages across the NT. The word is virtually absent from narrative and epistolary material except in explicitly end-time contexts.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Eschatological Gathering / Second Coming¶

The trumpet as the signal for Christ's return and the gathering of believers. - Matt 24:31 — "he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds" - 1 Thess 4:16 — "the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God"

2. The Resurrection Signal¶

The trumpet specifically marking the moment of resurrection at the last day. - 1 Cor 15:52 — "In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible"

3. The Voice of God / Divine Communication¶

A sound like a trumpet representing God's voice or a heavenly summons — echoing the Sinai theophany. - Heb 12:19 — "the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard intreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more" (Sinai) - Rev 1:10 — "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of a trumpet" - Rev 4:1 — "the first voice which I heard was as it were of a trumpet talking with me"

4. The Seven Apocalyptic Trumpets¶

The seven trumpets given to angels in Revelation, each signaling a successive eschatological judgment. - Rev 8:2 — "to them were given seven trumpets" - Rev 8:6 — "the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound" - Rev 8:13 — an angel crying woe at the sound of the remaining trumpets - Rev 9:14 — "Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels..."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἄγγελος (angel)	G32	5x (45%)	angels given trumpets or sent with trumpet sound
ἀκούω (hear)	G191	4x (36%)	the trumpet voice/sound is heard
μέγας (great)	G3173	4x (36%)	"great sound/voice of a trumpet"
σαλπίζω (sound trumpet)	G4537	3x (27%)	verb + noun pair: "the trumpet shall sound"
οὐρανός (heaven)	G3772	3x (27%)	heavenly origin or location of the signal
ἑπτά (seven)	G2033	2x (18%)	"the seven trumpets" (Revelation)
νεκρός (dead)	G3498	2x (18%)	resurrection context

Word Family / Cognates¶

G4537 σαλπίζω (salpízō) — verb: to sound or blow a trumpet (denominal verb from G4536; 12 occurrences)
G4538 σαλπιστής (salpistḗs) — agent noun: a trumpeter (1 occurrence, Rev 18:22)

All three words derive from the σαλπ- root and form a tight lexical family. See WG-trumpet.md.

Synonyms¶

G1071 γέλως — listed by search_relationships.py

Antonyms¶

G2805 κλαυθμός — contrast term listed by search_relationships.py

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שׁוֹפָר (shôwphâr)	H7782	trumpet	The Hebrew shofar — a ram's horn; G4536 is its primary LXX/NT equivalent
חֲצֹצְרָה (chătsôtsᵉrâh)	H2689	trumpet	The Hebrew silver chatsotsrah — the priestly signaling trumpet of Num 10; also renders as G4536 in LXX

The Greek σάλπιγξ conflates both distinct OT instruments in LXX translation. The shofar was made of ram's horn (cultic, covenantal, Jubilee); the chatsotsrah was a straight silver trumpet (priestly, liturgical).

Domain Neighbors (006.012 — Musical Instruments)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Transliteration	Occurrences	Primary KJV
G4537	σαλπίζω	salpízō	12	sounded, to sound
G4538	σαλπιστής	salpistḗs	1	trumpeters
G2788	κιθάρα	kithára	4	harp
G836	αὐλός	aulós	1	pipe
G2950	κύμβαλον	kýmbalon	1	cymbal
G834	αὐλητής	aulētḗs	2	minstrels, pipers

Hebrew Source (LXX Alignment)¶

Hebrew	Transliteration	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
שׁוֹפָר	shôwphâr	H7782	40	28.47	Primary — ram's horn; covenantal and eschatological uses
חֲצֹצְרָה	chătsôtsᵉrâh	H2689	27	27.65	Secondary — priestly silver trumpet
תָּקַע	tâqaʻ	H8628	23	21.90	Verb "to blow/thrust a trumpet" — verbal context
תְּרוּעָה	tᵉrûwʻâh	H8643	14	19.12	Clamor, battle-cry, shout of joy — sonic context