A3028 — יַד (yad) [Aramaic]¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H3028
Original: יַד
Transliteration: yad
Pronunciation: yad
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: Aramaic cognate of Hebrew H3027 יָד (yâd) — hand
Occurrences: 16 unique verses (19 tokens) in OT
Books: 2 (Daniel, Ezra)
First Occurrence: Ezr 5:8 — "this work goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

(Aramaic) corresponding to H3027; — hand, power.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
hand (various constructions)	14	87.5%
the power	1	6.2%
a (other)	1	6.2%

The KJV renders yad with various prepositional constructions — "into his hand," "in thine hand," "out of my hands," "of the hand" — but the core translation is consistently "hand." The single "power" rendering (Dan 6:27) is a metonymic extension.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Daniel	11	3.1
Ezra	5	1.8

Confined entirely to the Aramaic sections of the OT (Daniel 2–7; Ezra 4–7). Daniel accounts for 69% of uses. The word appears in narratives involving Babylonian and Persian court settings, where divine sovereignty and royal power are contested.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Divine Sovereignty and Control¶

Dan 4:35 — "none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?" — God's unrestrained sovereign action
Dan 5:23 — "the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways" — God holds human life
Dan 5:5 — "came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick" — divine judgment written by a supernatural hand
Dan 5:24 — "Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written" — the hand as agent of divine verdict

2. Transfer of Dominion / Political Authority¶

Dan 2:38 — "hath he given into thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all" — God granting Nebuchadnezzar authority
Ezr 5:12 — "he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon" — God transferring Israel to a conqueror
Dan 7:25 — "they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time" — saints delivered to the little horn's power

3. Deliverance from Power¶

Dan 3:15 — "who is that God that shall deliver you out of my hands?" — Nebuchadnezzar's challenge
Dan 3:17 — "he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king" — confidence in God's deliverance
Dan 6:27 — "who hath delivered Daniel from the power of the lions" — "power" (yad) as capacity to harm

4. Possession and Authority over Torah/Wisdom¶

Ezr 7:14 — "the law of thy God which is in thine hand" — Torah as entrusted possession
Ezr 7:25 — "the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine hand" — divine wisdom held by Ezra

5. Human Labor and Action¶

Ezr 5:8 — "this work goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands" — construction labor
Ezr 6:12 — "that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house" — interference, hostile action

6. Absence of Human Agency¶

Dan 2:34 — "a stone was cut out without hands" — divine action excluding human agency
Dan 2:45 — "the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands" — same formula, emphasizing supernatural origin of God's kingdom

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
אֱלָהּ (ʼĕlâhh) "God"	H426	9x (56%)	God's hand, hand of God, deliver from hand
כֹּל (kôl) "all"	H3606	8x (50%)	"all thy ways," "all the inhabitants"
מֶלֶךְ (melek) "king"	H4430	7x (44%)	Royal power context — king's hand or decree
עֲבַד (ʻăbad) "make/do"	H5648	5x (31%)	"what doest thou," "image which I have made"
שָׁמַיִן (shâmayin) "heaven"	H8065	5x (31%)	"God of heaven," "army of heaven"
אֶבֶן (ʼeben) "stone"	H69	4x (25%)	Stone "without hands" — Dan 2:34, 45
בַּיִת (bayith) "house"	H1005	4x (25%)	House of God context — Ezra passages
חֲזָא (chăzâʼ) "see"	H2370	4x (25%)	"Thou sawest" — vision narrative
יְדַע (yᵉdaʻ) "know"	H3046	4x (25%)	"know... the God in whose hand"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H3027 יָד (yâd) — Hebrew cognate: "hand" (1,486 tokens across 36 books); by far the most common body-part word in the Hebrew OT; same semantic range (physical hand, power, agency, possession, direction) but vastly wider distribution

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
יָד (yâd)	H3027	"hand," "hands"	Hebrew cognate, identical meaning; H3027 appears in Hebrew text, H3028 in Aramaic sections only
χείρ (cheír)	G5495	"hand," "hands"	Greek NT equivalent; the LXX renders every instance of A3028 with cheír
כַּף (kaph)	H3709	"hand"	Hebrew kaph = palm/hollow of the hand; more specific than yad which covers the whole hand and its figurative extensions

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
χείρ (cheír) G5495	16	4.01	Primary — renders every occurrence; one-to-one correspondence
ἐξαιρέω (exairéō) G1807	3	5.21	"deliver out of" — idiomatic for deliverance-from-hand passages
οὐρανός (ouranós) G3772	5	3.97	Co-occurrence from "heaven" context, not a translation of yad

The LXX mapping is essentially univocal: cheír G5495 is the sole translation equivalent. The other entries reflect verse-level co-occurrence, not alternative renderings of yad itself.