H314 — אַחֲרוֹן (ʼachărôwn)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H314
Original: אַחֲרוֹן (also shortened אַחֲרֹן)
Transliteration: ʼachărôwn
Pronunciation: akh-ar-one
Part of Speech: Adjective
Root: א-ח-ר (ʼ-ch-r) — "behind, after"; from H310 אַחַר (ʼachar, "after, behind")
Occurrences: 48 unique verses, 53 tokens
Books: 22
First Occurrence: Gen 33:2 — "And he put the handmaids and their children foremost, and Leah and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph hindermost."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H310; hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western: — after(-ward), to come, following, hind(-er, -ermost, -most), last, latter, rereward, ut(ter)most.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
and last	9	18.8%
the last	7	14.6%
to come	6	12.5%
last	4	8.3%
after	3	6.2%
latter	3	6.2%
in the latter end	2	4.2%
utmost	2	4.2%
afterward(s)	2	4.2%
hindermost / hindmost	2	4.2%
They that come after / that come after	2	4.2%
following	1	2.1%
hinder	1	2.1%
in the rereward	1	2.1%
uttermost	1	2.1%
Other	2	4.2%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Haggai	1	2.6
Joel	1	1.4
2 Chronicles	8	1.0
Ecclesiastes	2	0.9
Deuteronomy	6	0.6
2 Samuel	4	0.6
Daniel	2	0.6
Zechariah	1	0.5
Isaiah	5	0.4
Ezra	1	0.4
Psalms	4	0.2
1 Chronicles	2	0.2
Nehemiah	1	0.2
Job	2	0.2
Genesis	1	0.1
1 Kings	1	0.1
Exodus	1	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1
Proverbs	1	0.1
1 Samuel	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1
Ruth	1	0.1

Genre pattern: highest density in post-exilic books (Haggai, Joel, 2 Chronicles, Ezra). 2 Chronicles alone accounts for 8 of 48 verses (16.7%), all in the formulaic "first and last" chronicler refrain.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Temporal: "Last" in a Sequence (first…last)¶

Used as antithesis of H7223 riʾshôwn ("first") in a paired formula. - Isa 41:4 — "I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he." - Isa 44:6 — "I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God." - Isa 48:12 — "I am he; I am the first, I also am the last." - 2Sa 23:1 — "Now these be the last words of David." - 1Ch 23:27 — "For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered." - Neh 8:18 — "from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law."

2. Chronicler's Formula: "First and Last" (acts of a king)¶

A fixed phrase in 2 Chronicles for royal histories: "the acts of X, first and last." - 1Ch 29:29 — "the acts of David the king, first and last" - 2Ch 9:29 — "the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last" - 2Ch 16:11 — "the acts of Asa, first and last" - 2Ch 26:22 — "the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, did Isaiah…write"

3. Temporal: Future Generations / Time to Come¶

Refers to a later generation or subsequent era, often with דּוֹר (dôwr, "generation"). - Deu 29:22 — "the generation to come of your children…and the stranger" - Psa 78:4 — "telling to the generation to come the praises of the LORD" - Psa 78:6 — "that the generation to come might know them" - Psa 102:18 [MT 102:19] — "This shall be written for the generation to come" - Isa 30:8 — "write it…in a book, that it may be for the time to come"

4. Temporal: "Latter" (comparative contrast)¶

Contrasts a later state or person with an earlier one. - Exo 4:8 — "they will believe the voice of the latter sign" - Deu 24:3 — "if the latter husband hate her" - Hag 2:9 — "The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former" - Dan 11:29 — "it shall not be as the former, or as the latter" - Rth 3:10 — "thou hast shewed more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning" - Job 19:25 — "I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth"

5. Spatial: Rear / Western Position¶

The literal sense of "behind" — the rear of a formation, or the western direction (facing east). - Gen 33:2 — "Rachel and Joseph hindermost" - Num 2:31 — "they shall go hindmost with their standards" - 1Sa 29:2 — "David and his men passed on in the rereward" - Deu 11:24 — "from the wilderness and Lebanon…unto the uttermost sea" (= western/Mediterranean sea) - Deu 34:2 — "all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea" - Zec 14:8 — "half of them toward the hinder sea" (= western/Mediterranean) - Joe 2:20 — "his hinder part toward the utmost sea"

6. Temporal: Subsequent People / Those Who Come After¶

Refers to later people, not a specific generation, but posterity in general. - Job 18:20 — "They that come after him shall be astonied at his day" - Ecc 1:11 — "neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come" - Ecc 4:16 — "they also that come after shall not rejoice in him" - Pro 31:25 — "she shall rejoice in time to come"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
רִאשׁוֹן (riʾshôwn)	H7223	24× (50%)	Antithetic pair: "first…last" — divine self-designation (Isa 41/44/48), chronicler formula (2Ch), sequential contrast (Exo 4:8, Hag 2:9)
דָּבָר (dâbâr)	H1697	13× (27%)	"the last words" or "the acts…first and last"
כָּתַב (kâthab)	H3789	12× (25%)	"written…first and last" — recording of royal acts
סֵפֶר (çêpher)	H5612	8× (17%)	"written in the book of…first and last"
דּוֹר (dôwr)	H1755	6× (12%)	"generation to come" (dôwr ʼachărôwn)
יוֹם (yôwm)	H3117	6× (12%)	"last day" / "latter day" — Neh 8:18, Job 19:25
יָם (yâm)	H3220	5× (10%)	"hinder/utmost sea" — the Mediterranean (western)

Word Family / Cognates (root א-ח-ר)¶

H310 אַחַר (ʼachar) — preposition/adverb: "after, behind, following" (709v)
H319 אַחֲרִית (ʼachărîyth) — feminine noun: "the last, end, future, posterity" (61v); used in the key phrase אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים "the latter days" (Gen 49:1, Num 24:14, Deu 4:30, Dan 2:28, 10:14, etc.)
H268 אָחוֹר (ʼâchôwr) — substantive: "the hinder part, backward, the West" (41v)
H312 אַחֵר (ʼachêr) — adjective: "another, other, next" (166v)
H309 אָחַר (ʼâchar) — verb: "to delay, tarry, be behind" (17v)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
אַחֲרִית (ʼachărîyth)	H319	"latter," "last"	H319 is a noun meaning "end, aftermath, future"; H314 is an adjective meaning "last, hindmost" — H319 appears in "latter days" (ʼachărîyth hayyāmîm) while H314 modifies nouns directly ("last words," "latter house")
אׇחֳרֵין (ʼochŏrêyn)	H318	"the last"	H318 is the Aramaic equivalent of H314; appears only in Daniel/Ezra Aramaic sections
ἔσχατος (eschatos)	G2078	"last"	G2078 is the primary Greek LXX translation of H314; used 34× for "last" in the NT
קֵץ (qêts)	H7093	"after" (overlap)	H7093 = an extremity/end-point; H314 = positional "last in sequence"

Synonyms¶

No synonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H314.

Antonyms¶

רִאשֹׁון (H7223) — direct opposite in the recurrent "first ... last" formula.
הַיָּם הַקַּדְמֹנִי — spatial opposite of the "hinder/utmost sea" language when H314 marks the western/rearward direction.

UBS Semantic Domains¶

Code	Domain Label	Notes
003002005	Spatial Referents	Core for the rearward/western sense of H314.
003001015	Names of Waterbodies	Secondary domain tied to the "hinder/utmost sea" usage for the Mediterranean.
003002001	Circumstantial Referents	Covers sequence/relative-position uses such as "after," "following," or "last."

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἔσχατος (eschatos) G2078	33	25.20	Primary equivalent — "last, final"; carries into NT eschatological usage
πρῶτος (prōtos) G4413	25	20.34	Appears alongside H314 in "first…last" pairs (translating H7223 in same verse)
γράφω (gráphō) G1125	12	12.34	Context collocate: "written…first and last"
βιβλίον (biblíon) G975	8	10.23	Context collocate: "in the book"
λοιποί (loipoí) G3062	6	10.12	"remaining ones" — alternate LXX rendering

The dominant bridge is H314 → G2078 ἔσχατος (33 co-occurrences, PMI 25.20), making this one of the strongest Hebrew-to-Greek mappings in the LXX for this semantic field.