shânâh)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8141
Original: שָׁנֶה (masc. form) / שָׁנָה (fem., in plural)
Transliteration: shaneh / shanah
Pronunciation: shaw-neh'
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: From שָׁנָה (H8138) — "to repeat, do again" (a year as a revolution of time)
Occurrences: 972 tokens in 647 unique verses across 32 books
First Occurrence: Gen 1:14 — "let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years (shanim)"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

"(in plural or feminine) שָׁנָה shânâh; from [H8138]; a year (as a revolution of time): — whole age, long, old, year(-ly)."

Aramaic counterpart: H8140 שְׁנָה (shᵉnâh) — "year" (Ezra/Daniel).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
years	337	52.1%
year	236	36.5%
the years / of the years	17	2.6%
of the year / the year / in the year	32	5.0%
prepositional combos ("in", "In the", "the")	112	17.3%
yearly / by year / to year	15	2.3%
old / age / long	3	0.5%

The overwhelming majority (~89%) render as "year(s)" plainly; many other entries are artifacts of KJV chunking where shanah sits inside a date formula ("in the Nth year of…").

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
2 Kings	62	8.6
Haggai	3	7.9
2 Chronicles	57	6.9
Genesis	103	6.7
Numbers	82	6.4
Leviticus	41	4.8
1 Kings	38	4.7
Judges	23	3.7
Daniel	12	3.4
Zechariah	7	3.3
Esther	5	3.0
Jeremiah	34	2.5
Nehemiah	10	2.5
Deuteronomy	21	2.2
2 Samuel	15	2.2
Ezekiel	25	2.0
Exodus	23	1.9
Isaiah	20	1.5
Psalms	13	0.5
Proverbs	5	0.5

Pattern: Highest density sits in the historical and regnal-chronicle literature (Kings, Chronicles, Numbers, Genesis), where the word marks patriarchal ages and royal regnal years. Prophetic dating formulae drive the high density in Haggai, Zechariah, Daniel, Ezekiel. Psalms/Proverbs use it far less — poetic literature favors "days" and "generations" over counted years.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Calendar / Liturgical Year¶

Gen 1:14 — "let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years"
Exo 12:2 — "this month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you"
Exo 34:22 — "the feast of ingathering at the year's end"
Deut 11:12 — "from the beginning of the year even unto the end of the year"

2. Age / Lifespan ("X years old," "years of his life")¶

Gen 5:3 — "Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat"
Gen 25:7 — "the days of the years of Abraham's life… an hundred threescore and fifteen years"
Psa 90:10 — "The days of our years are threescore years and ten"
Prov 4:10 — "the years of thy life shall be many"

3. Regnal / Dating Formulae ("in the Nth year of King X")¶

1Ki 6:1 — "in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out… in the fourth year of Solomon's reign"
Isa 6:1 — "In the year that king Uzziah died"
Dan 1:1 — "In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah"
Hag 1:1 — "In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month"

4. Sabbatical / Jubilee Structures¶

Lev 25:4 — "in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath for the LORD"
Lev 25:10 — "ye shall hallow the fiftieth year… it shall be a jubile unto you"
Deut 15:9 — "the seventh year, the year of release, is at hand"
Jer 34:14 — "At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother"

5. Prophetic / Eschatological Periods¶

Isa 61:2 — "To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance"
Jer 25:11–12 — "seventy years… when seventy years are accomplished"
Eze 4:5–6 — "I have laid upon thee the years of their iniquity"
Dan 9:2 — "the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came… seventy years"

6. Wilderness / Exodus Generations¶

Num 14:34 — "after the number of the days… forty days, each day for a year"
Amos 2:10 — "led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land"
Deut 2:7 — "these forty years the LORD thy God hath been with thee"

7. Cyclical / Agricultural ("year by year," "from year to year")¶

1Sa 1:7 — "as he did so year by year"
1Sa 7:16 — "he went from year to year in circuit to Bethel"
2Ch 9:24 — "a rate year by year"
Zec 14:16 — "shall even go up from year to year to worship"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occ	Typical Pattern
בֵּן (ben)	H1121	272x (42%)	"X years old" — lit. "son of N years" (idiom for age)
יְהוָה (YHWH)	H3068	136x (21%)	dating prophecies: "year that the LORD…"
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	131x (20%)	"in the Nth year of king X" regnal formula
יוֹם (yom)	H3117	127x (20%)	"days and years," "days of the years of his life"
כֹּל (kol)	H3605	127x (20%)	"all the years of…"
מָלַךְ (malak)	H4427	106x (16%)	"he reigned N years"
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrael)	H3478	99x (15%)	regnal context in Israel/Judah
עֶשְׂרִים (esrim)	H6242	97x (15%)	"twenty years" — common age/reign unit
עָשָׂר (asar)	H6240	92x (14%)	"-teen" composite numerals
שְׁנַיִם (shnayim)	H8147	84x (13%)	"two years"
מֵאָה (meah)	H3967	80x (12%)	"hundred years" — patriarchal ages
שֶׁבַע (sheba)	H7651	76x (12%)	"seven years" — famine cycles, sabbatical
חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh)	H2320	71x (11%)	"month and year" dating pairs
אֶחָד (echad)	H259	74x (11%)	"one year / first year"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H8138 שָׁנָה (shanah, verb) — "to repeat, do again, change" — the root from which the noun is derived (a year = one revolution/repetition)
H8140 שְׁנָה (shᵉnah) — Aramaic "year" (Ezra, Daniel)
H8147 שְׁנַיִם (shnayim) — "two / pair" (same shn root, duality)
H8145 שֵׁנִי (sheni) — "second / another" (ordinal from the same root)

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8141.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8141.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שְׁנָה (shᵉnah)	H8140	"year(s)"	Aramaic equivalent — used only in Ezra/Daniel Aramaic sections
יוֹם (yom)	H3117	overlaps with "in/in the/year" date formulae	"day" not "year" — used for shorter units; pair "day and year" or symbolic ("day for a year" Num 14:34 / Eze 4:6)
חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh)	H2320	appears with shaneh in date formulae	"month / new moon" — smaller calendar unit
עֵת (eth)	H6256	time-language overlap	"time, season" (qualitative) vs. shaneh (quantitative unit)
עוֹלָם (olam)	H5769	occasionally both translated "age / long"	olam = indefinite/eternal duration; shaneh = discrete countable year

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[002002002010] Time — search_relationships.py places shaneh squarely in the time-reference field, matching its use for counted years, regnal years, liturgical cycles, and lifespan formulas.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ἔτος (etos)	G2094	450	5.11	Primary equivalent — used for "year" in both narrative and prophetic LXX
ἐνιαυτός (eniautos)	G1763	99	5.11	Second equivalent — often "year" in liturgical/cyclical contexts (feast year, jubilee)
μήν (mēn)	G3376	51	4.00	Co-occurrence in date formulae pairing month + year
βασιλεύω (basileuō)	G936	93	3.65	Frequent in regnal year formulae ("Nth year that he reigned")
πέμπτος / ἔννατος	G3991 / G1766	21 / 15	4+	Ordinal numerals in date formulae

Cross-testament bridge: H8141 → G2094 (etos) is the dominant LXX equivalent (co-occ 450, strong enough to warrant a trace). G1763 (eniautos) carries the cyclical/liturgical sense into the NT (e.g., "acceptable year of the Lord," Luke 4:19).