H7511 — רָפַס (râphaç)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H7511
Original: רָפַס
Transliteration: râphaç
Pronunciation: raw-fas
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Primitive root; cognate with Aramaic H7512 (rᵉphaç) "to trample, stamp"
Occurrences: 2 in OT (2 unique verses, 2 books)
First Occurrence: Psalm 68:30 — "[till every one] submit himself (râphaç) with pieces of silver"
Hapax Legomenon: No (appears twice, but functionally very rare — a dis legomenon)

Lexicon Definition¶

Strong's: "A primitive root; to trample, i.e. prostrate: — humble self, submit self."

BDB (on the Aramaic cognate H7512): "verb tread, trample (compare Biblical Hebrew H7511 (late))." The core physical image is stamping or treading under foot. The two Hebrew occurrences appear in reflexive/middle stems, which shift the sense from "trample another" to "prostrate oneself / be stamped down" — a self-lowering act of submission.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Form	Typical Meaning
Hithpael	2	הִתְרַפֵּס (Pro 6:3 impv.); מִתְרַפֵּס (Psa 68:30 ptcp.)	prostrate oneself, submit, grovel

Both biblical occurrences are in the Hithpael (reflexive/iterative) stem. The Hithpael of a "trample" root yields "cause oneself to be trampled" → "humble self, grovel, submit." No Qal (active "trample") forms of this specific root survive in the Hebrew Bible; active "trample" is carried by H7429 (râmaç) and the Aramaic H7512.

(A form תִּרְפֹּס appears in Ezek 32:2 in some morphological taggings, parsed as Qal from רפס; most editions and Strong's concordance assign it to H7515 (râphaś, "foul by stirring up") rather than H7511.)

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
submit himself	1	50%
humble thyself	1	50%

KJV renders both occurrences with reflexive verbs of self-abasement. No instance is translated "trample" in English, though the underlying root carries that image.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	1	0.04
Proverbs	1	0.11

Confined to wisdom/poetic literature. Absent from Torah, historical books, and prophets. Both occurrences describe a ritualized posture of submission — one in an enemy-at-tribute scene (Psa 68), one in urgent entreaty of a neighbor (Pro 6).

Semantic Categories¶

Given only two occurrences, the word carries two adjacent shades:

1. Forced Submission of an Enemy (with tribute)¶

Psa 68:30 — "Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, [till every one] submit himself (מִתְרַפֵּס) with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people [that] delight in war."
Participle picturing foreign peoples forced down to their faces, bearing silver as tribute to YHWH's king. The "trample" root colors the submission as coerced — they are stamped into homage.

2. Urgent Self-Abasement before a Peer / Creditor¶

Pro 6:3 — "Do this now, my son, and deliver thyself, when thou art come into the hand of thy friend; go, humble thyself (הִתְרַפֵּס), and make sure thy friend."
Imperative to a young man who has put himself under bond (surety) for another. He must grovel — lower himself to the dust — to be released. The verb pairs with רָהַב (râhab, "press/importune," H7292) in the next clause: self-abasement plus importunate pressing.

The two contexts share the common thread of lowering oneself to the ground in response to a superior power — whether divine judgment (Psa 68) or a looming legal/financial claim (Pro 6).

Common Collocations¶

With only 2 verses, every co-occurring word has co-occurrence count of 1. Theologically or thematically significant co-occurrences:

Word	Strong's	Verse	Typical Pattern
רָהַב (râhab) — press, importune	H7292	Pro 6:3	Paired imperative: "humble thyself (râphaç) AND press (râhab) thy friend" — self-abasement + urgent entreaty
כֶּסֶף (keçeph) — silver	H3701	Psa 68:30	Submission "with pieces of silver" — tribute-submission
אַבִּיר (ʼabbîyr) — mighty, bull	H47	Psa 68:30	The proud ones ("bulls") forced down
גָּעַר (gâʻar) — rebuke	H1605	Psa 68:30	Divine rebuke produces the forced submission
בָּזַר (bâzar) — scatter	H967	Psa 68:30	Paired judgment: submit-or-be-scattered
עַם (ʻam) — people	H5971	Psa 68:30	The collective being humbled
בֵּן (bên) — son	H1121	Pro 6:3	Addressee — wisdom instruction

Word Family / Cognates¶

H7512 רְפַס (rᵉphaç) — Aramaic verb, Peal active participle "trampling." Used in Dan 7:7 and Dan 7:19 of the fourth beast that "stamped the residue with the feet of it." BDB explicitly ties H7511 to H7512 as the same root surfacing in late Biblical Hebrew.
(Possibly) H7515 רָפַשׂ (râphaś) — "to foul (water) by trampling / stir up muddy." Distinct Strong's entry but semantically overlapping — trampling imagery applied to water (Ezek 32:2; 34:18). Some taggers place Ezek 32:2 under H7511.

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H7511.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H7511.

Easily Confused / Semantically Adjacent Verbs of Trampling¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Sense	Key Difference
רָמַס (râmaç)	H7429	tread, trample, stamp	The standard "trample" verb (19x); active treading down of enemies/persons (Dan 8:7, 8:10; 2 Kgs 9:33). Unlike H7511, used overwhelmingly in the Qal, active voice — the agent does the trampling.
רְפַס (rᵉphaç)	H7512	trample, stamp (Aramaic)	Aramaic cognate — direct lexical sibling. Dan 7:7, 19 (fourth beast "stamped the residue"). Carries the active trampling sense that Hebrew H7511 never attests.
בּוּס (bûwç)	H947	tread under, trample	Often paired with victory imagery ("through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies," Psa 60:12). Can also carry a passive/metaphorical "be polluted, loathe."
דּוּשׁ (dûwsh)	H1758	tread, thresh	Agricultural/military threshing image; less about humiliation, more about pulverizing (Isa 41:15; Mic 4:13).
כָּנַע (kânaʻ)	H3665	humble, subdue, bring down	Overlaps with H7511's KJV gloss "humble" — but kânaʻ is the normal theological verb for "humble oneself" (e.g., 2 Chr 7:14). H7511 is rarer and carries a harsher "be stamped down" tone.
שָׁפֵל (shâphêl)	H8213	be low, bring down	General "lower" — less tactile than H7511's trample-root.

LXX Mapping¶

No LXX alignments are recorded for H7511 in the aligned database. The LXX handles both verses loosely — Psa 67:31 (LXX) translates the participle with συγκλεισθῆναι / related; Pro 6:3 paraphrases with "do not faint" (μὴ ἐκλυόμενος). There is no consistent Greek equivalent because of the word's extreme rarity.

UBS Semantic Domains¶

Code	Domain Label	Notes
002001001024	Impact	Preserves the root's physical "trample / stamp down" force.
002003001012	Mixed	Secondary tool-returned association, likely reflecting disturbance or muddling rather than the core submissive sense.
002001001057	Stance	Fits the bodily posture of prostrating or humbling oneself in the Hithpael uses.