G1173 — δεῖπνον (deîpnon)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G1173
Original: δεῖπνον
Transliteration: deîpnon
Pronunciation: dipe'-non
Part of Speech: Neuter noun
Root: From the same root as G1160 (δαπάνη, expense) and G1172 (δειπνέω, to dine); the -non suffix forms a neuter noun of action/result
Occurrences: 16 in NT (16 tokens)
Books: 6 (Mat, Mar, Luk, Jhn, 1Co, Rev)
First Occurrence: Mat 23:6 — "And love the uppermost rooms at feasts (deipnon), and the chief seats in the synagogues"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Strong's: "dinner, i.e. the chief meal (usually in the evening)." The deipnon is the principal meal of the day, as distinct from the morning/midday light meal (ἄριστον, G712). By NT times it was typically taken in the late afternoon or evening, and normally included guests, hence the semantic extension to "banquet, feast." The word covers both ordinary evening meals and formal banquets — birthday feasts, wedding suppers, memorial meals — and in Johannine narrative is the fixed term for the meal of the Last Supper.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 23 — Physiological Processes and States
Subdomain: 23.001 — Eat, Drink
Selected words in subdomain: ἀνάκειμαι (G345, recline at table), ἀριστάω (G709, dine at morning/midday meal), ἄριστον (G712, breakfast/midday meal), ἄρτος (G740, bread/loaf), βιβρώσκω (G977, eat), βρῶσις (G1035, food/eating), δειπνέω (G1172, to dine), φάγω (G5315, eat)

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[023] Physiological Processes and States — search_relationships.py keeps δεῖπνον in the meal-and-eating field, matching its ordinary sense as the principal meal, supper, or banquet.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
supper	9	56.2%
a supper	3	18.8%
feasts	3	18.8%
at supper	1	6.2%

KJV uses "supper" (in various forms) in 13 of 16 occurrences (81%). "Feasts" occurs only in the Mat 23:6 / Mar 12:39 / Luk 20:46 synoptic saying about scribes loving the "chief places" — the plural translation reflects customary banqueting, not a distinct sense.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
John	4	0.5
1 Corinthians	2	0.5
Revelation	2	0.5
Luke	5	0.4
Mark	2	0.3
Matthew	1	0.1

Observations: Concentrated in Luke (5) and John (4) — the two gospels with the most developed meal-theology. John's four uses cluster around one narrative (the Last Supper: Jhn 13:2, 13:4, 21:20 retrospective, with 12:2 at Bethany anticipating it). The synoptic triple (Mat 23:6 / Mar 12:39 / Luk 20:46) is a single saying. The Pauline pair (1Co 11:20-21) gives the term its definitive ecclesial sense ("the Lord's supper"). Revelation's two uses (Rev 19:9, 19:17) form a deliberate antithetical pair — marriage supper of the Lamb vs. supper of the great God.

Semantic Categories¶

Mar 6:21 — "Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee"
Luk 14:12 — "When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends..."
Jhn 12:2 — "There they made him a supper; and Martha served" (Bethany, six days before Passover)

2. The Eschatological Banquet (kingdom parable)¶

Luk 14:16 — "A certain man made a great supper, and bade many" (parable of the Great Supper)
Luk 14:17 — "sent his servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; for all things are now ready"
Luk 14:24 — "none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper"

3. Places of Honor at Banquets (scribal pride saying)¶

Mat 23:6 — "love the uppermost rooms at feasts (deipnon), and the chief seats in the synagogues"
Mar 12:39 — "chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts (deipnon)"
Luk 20:46 — "the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts (deipnon)"

4. The Last Supper (Johannine narrative term)¶

Jhn 13:2 — "And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot... to betray him"
Jhn 13:4 — "He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments"
Jhn 21:20 — "the disciple whom Jesus loved following; which also leaned on his breast at supper"

5. The Lord's Supper (Pauline cultic term)¶

1Co 11:20 — "When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord's supper (kyriakon deipnon)"
1Co 11:21 — "in eating every one taketh before other his own supper (idion deipnon): and one is hungry, and another is drunken"

6. The Marriage Supper of the Lamb (eschatological fulfillment)¶

Rev 19:9 — "Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb"

7. The Supper of the Great God (antithetical judgment meal)¶

Rev 19:17 — "Come and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; That ye may eat the flesh of kings..."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
καλέω (kaleō, call/invite)	G2564	5x (31%)	"bade/called to the supper" — fixed invitation idiom (Luk 14; Rev 19:9)
λέγω (legō, say)	G3004	4x (25%)	framing verb of invitation speech
ποιέω (poieō, make/do)	G4160	4x (25%)	"made a supper" — fixed idiom for hosting (Mar 6:21; Luk 14:12,16; Jhn 12:2)
γίνομαι (ginomai, come/become)	G1096	3x (19%)	"supper being ended/come" (Jhn 13:2)
πρωτοκλισία (prōtoklisia, chief couch)	G4411	3x (19%)	"uppermost rooms at feasts" — synoptic triple
πρωτοκαθεδρία (prōtokathedria, chief seat)	G4410	3x (19%)	paired with prōtoklisia in the same saying
συναγωγή (synagōgē)	G4864	3x (19%)	paired in scribal-pride saying
φάγω (phagō, eat)	G5315	2x (12%)	"eat the Lord's supper" / "eat the flesh" (1Co 11:20; Rev 19:17-18 context)
μέγας (megas, great)	G3173	2x (12%)	"great supper" (Luk 14:16); "great God" (Rev 19:17)
παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi, betray/hand over)	G3860	2x (12%)	Last Supper betrayal context (Jhn 13:2; 21:20 retrospective)

Typical pattern: poieō deipnon ("make a supper") is the standard host idiom; kaleō eis deipnon ("invite to a supper") is the standard guest idiom.

Word Family / Cognates¶

G1172 δειπνέω (deipneō) — verb: to take the principal meal, to sup (Luk 17:8; 22:20; 1Co 11:25; Rev 3:20)
G1160 δαπάνη (dapanē) — noun: expense, cost (shares the root idea of "consuming" resources)

Note: The verbal form G1172 deipneō — not the noun G1173 — carries the Last Supper "cup after supper" phrase in Luk 22:20 and 1Co 11:25 ("after supper, he took the cup"). Both Pauline and Lukan Last Supper institution verses use the participle deipnēsai (having supped), not the noun deipnon.

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G1173.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G1173.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἄριστον (ariston)	G712	"dinner" (Luk 14:12)	Morning/midday meal; the earlier, lighter meal. Luk 14:12 pairs both: "a dinner (ariston) or a supper (deipnon)"
ἀριστάω (aristaō)	G709	"dine"	Verb for taking the morning/midday meal, paired partner of deipneō
δειπνέω (deipneō)	G1172	"sup"	Verb counterpart — to take the evening meal (used in Last Supper institution Luk 22:20, 1Co 11:25)
δοχή (dochē)	G1403	"feast"	Formal reception/banquet; Luke pairs it with deipnon (Luk 5:29; 14:13) as a grander hosted event
γάμος (gamos)	G1062	"marriage"/"wedding"	Wedding itself; in Rev 19:7-9 the gamos is the wedding, the deipnon is its banquet
ἑορτή (heortē)	G1859	"feast"	Religious festival (Passover, Tabernacles); deipnon is a meal, heortē is a festival-day

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Frequency
מִשְׁתֶּה (mishteh)	H4960	primary LXX equivalent — "feast, banquet, drinking-feast" (Gen 21:8; 26:30; Est 1:3 etc.)
לֶחֶם (lechem)	H3899	occasional — when "bread/food" denotes a meal (2Sa 3:35)
אָרוּחָה (aruchah)	H737	occasional — "meal/allowance of food" (2Ki 25:30; Jer 40:5)

The noun deipnon has no dominant single Hebrew equivalent in the LXX because the OT concept of the chief meal/banquet is typically rendered by mishteh (drink-feast) or by verbal constructions with אָכַל (H398, eat) and שָׁתָה (H8354, drink) rather than a single noun. The Rev 19 marriage-supper and judgment-supper imagery draws more from Isa 25:6 ("the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast [mishteh] of fat things") and Eze 39:17-20 ("speak unto every feathered fowl... ye shall eat flesh and drink blood") than from direct lexical borrowing.