G2919 — κρίνω (krinō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2919
Original: κρίνω
Transliteration: krinō
Pronunciation: kree'-no
Part of Speech: Verb
Occurrences: 98 unique verses (132 tokens) across 15 NT books
First Occurrence: Mat 5:40 — "And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Properly, to distinguish, i.e. decide (mentally or judicially); by implication to try, condemn, punish. KJV renderings: judge, determine, condemn, go to law, call in question, esteem, decree, sentence, damn, avenge, conclude, ordain, think.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domains¶

Domain 56 — Courts and Legal Procedures (56.005: Judge, Condemn, Acquit)
Domain 30 — Think (30.005: To Decide, To Conclude; 30.006: To Choose, To Select; 30.007: To Distinguish, To Evaluate)
Domain 31 — Hold a View, Believe, Trust (31.001: Have an Opinion)
Domain 37 — Control, Rule (37.004: Rule, Govern)

Morphological Distribution (114 tokens)¶

Voice/Tense	Count	Notes
Present Active	48	Indicative 22, Imperative 9, Subjunctive 5, Participle 9, Infinitive 3
Aorist Active	18	Indicative 6, Imperative 6, Participle 5, Infinitive 1
Future Active	10	Indicative 10
Perfect Active	8	Indicative 7, Pluperfect 1
Present Passive	14	Indicative 8, Infinitive 4, Participle 2
Aorist Passive	12	Infinitive 4, Subjunctive 5, Indicative 3
Future Passive	3	Indicative 3
Perfect Passive	3	Indicative 2, Participle 1

Active voice dominates at ~74%. Present tense is the most frequent (~54%), reflecting ongoing judicial activity and general principles about judging.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
judge / judgeth / judgest / judged / judging	73	74.5%
determined / decreed	7	7.1%
condemn / condemned / condemneth / damned	6	6.1%
go to law / sue / at the law	3	3.1%
called in question	2	2.0%
esteemeth	1	1.0%
concluded	1	1.0%
avenged	1	1.0%
ordained	1	1.0%
sentence	1	1.0%
Other (auxiliary/contextual)	2	2.0%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
1 Corinthians	15	3.4
Acts	22	2.2
Romans	14	3.2
John	14	1.6
Revelation	9	2.2
Luke	5	0.4
Matthew	4	0.4
1 Peter	4	3.8
James	3	2.8
2 Corinthians	2	0.8
Hebrews	2	0.7
2 Thessalonians	1	2.1
2 Timothy	1	1.2
Colossians	1	1.1
Titus	1	2.2

Highest density in the epistles (1 Peter 3.8, 1 Corinthians 3.4, Romans 3.2). Acts has the highest raw count (22) due to Paul's trial narratives. Absent from Mark, Philippians, Galatians, Ephesians, 1 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy (except 2 Tim 4:1), Philemon, 2-3 John, Jude, 2 Peter.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Judicial Verdict — Pronouncing Formal Sentence¶

Acts 25:10 — "I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged"
Acts 23:3 — "for sittest thou to judge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?"
Acts 24:6 — "whom we took, and would have judged according to our law"
John 18:31 — "Take ye him, and judge him according to your law"

2. Divine Eschatological Judgment¶

Acts 17:31 — "he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness"
2 Tim 4:1 — "the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead"
Rev 20:12 — "the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books"
Rev 19:11 — "in righteousness he doth judge and make war"
Heb 13:4 — "whoremongers and adulterers God will judge"

3. God's Ongoing Judgment of Persons¶

1 Pet 1:17 — "the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work"
Rom 2:16 — "God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ"
1 Cor 5:13 — "them that are without God judgeth"
John 5:22 — "the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son"

4. Interpersonal Criticism — Passing Judgment on Others¶

Mat 7:1 — "Judge not, that ye be not judged"
Rom 2:1 — "thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest"
Rom 14:3-4 — "let not him which eateth not judge him that eateth... Who art thou that judgest another man's servant?"
Jas 4:11-12 — "He that speaketh evil of his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaketh evil of the law"

5. Personal Decision / Determination¶

Acts 20:16 — "Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus"
1 Cor 2:2 — "I determined not to know any thing among you, save Jesus Christ"
2 Cor 2:1 — "I determined this with myself, that I would not come again to you in heaviness"
Titus 3:12 — "I have determined there to winter"

6. Evaluating / Discerning / Forming an Opinion¶

1 Cor 10:15 — "I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say"
Luke 7:43 — "Thou hast rightly judged"
Rom 14:5 — "One man esteemeth one day above another"
1 Cor 11:13 — "Judge in yourselves: is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered?"

7. Condemn / Avenge¶

John 3:17 — "God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world"
2 Thes 2:12 — "That they all might be damned who believed not the truth"
Rev 18:20 — "God hath avenged you on her"
Rev 6:10 — "dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
θεός (theos)	G2316	27x (28%)	God as subject/agent of judging
νεκρός (nekros)	G3498	10x (10%)	"judge the quick and the dead"
νόμος (nomos)	G3551	8x (8%)	"judged by the law" — law as standard
κύριος (kyrios)	G2962	8x (8%)	The Lord as judge
ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos)	G444	8x (8%)	Humans as objects of judgment
κόσμος (kosmos)	G2889	7x (7%)	"judge the world" — universal scope
δίκαιος (dikaios)	G1342	6x (6%)	"judge righteous judgment"
ἡμέρα (hēmera)	G2250	6x (6%)	"the day" of judgment
κρίσις (krisis)	G2920	6x (6%)	Cognate pairing: "judge righteous judgment"

Word Family / Cognates¶

G2917 κρίμα (krima) — judgment, verdict, sentence (the result of krinō)
G2920 κρίσις (krisis) — judgment, the act/process of judging
G2923 κριτής (kritēs) — judge (the agent who performs krinō)
G2922 κριτήριον (kritērion) — tribunal, judgment seat, matter to be judged
G350 ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō) — examine, investigate (ana + krinō)
G1252 διακρίνω (diakrinō) — distinguish, discern, doubt (dia + krinō)
G2632 κατακρίνω (katakrinō) — condemn (kata + krinō — intensified judgment)
G4793 συγκρίνω (synkrinō) — compare, combine (syn + krinō)
G1948 ἐπικρίνω (epikrinō) — adjudge, give sentence (epi + krinō)
G4299 πρόκριμα (prokrima) — prejudice (pro + krinō — prejudging)

Synonyms¶

G1348 δικαστής (dikastēs) — judge (legal officer)
G1381 δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) — test, approve, examine
G350 ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō) — examine, scrutinize

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שָׁפַט (shaphat)	H8199	"judge"	OT equivalent — broader: govern + judge + vindicate
κριτής (kritēs)	G2923	"judge"	Noun (the person); krinō is the verb (the act)
διακρίνω (diakrinō)	G1252	"judge"	Discriminate/distinguish between; also "doubt"
ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō)	G350	"judge"	Investigate/examine thoroughly; forensic inquiry

Hebrew Source (via LXX)¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score
שָׁפַט (shaphat)	H8199	105	29.38
דִּין (diyn)	H1777	20	20.80
רִיב (riyb)	H7378	23	18.23
מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat)	H4941	24	9.84
צֶדֶק (tsedeq)	H6664	16	12.22
צָדַק (tsadaq)	H6663	8	10.49

Primary bridge: H8199 shaphat (105 co-occurrences, PMI 29.38). The LXX consistently renders shaphat with krinō, making this the dominant cross-testament link. Secondary bridge to H1777 diyn (20 co-occurrences).

Domain Neighbors (Louw-Nida 37.004 — Rule, Govern)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Total Verses	Primary KJV Translation(s)
G746	ἀρχή	40	beginning
G758	ἄρχων	24	rulers, prince
G932	βασιλεία	149	kingdom
G935	βασιλεύς	84	king
G936	βασιλεύω	8	reign