WG: Blood
Overview
The blood concept in the NT involves 8 Greek words working together around the substance (haima), its shedding (ekcheo, haimatekchysia), paired elements (sarx, hudor), the covenant it ratifies (diatheke), the slaughter that produces it (sphazo), and the sin it addresses (hamartia).
Word Group Members
| Strong's |
Word |
Transliteration |
POS |
Occurrences |
Role in Concept |
Library Entry |
| G129 |
αἷμα |
haima |
noun |
92 |
The substance (blood itself) |
G129 |
| G4561 |
σάρξ |
sarx |
noun |
130 |
Paired element ("flesh and blood" = human nature) |
G4561 |
| G1632 |
ἐκχέω |
ekcheo |
verb |
28 |
The action (to pour out / shed blood) |
G1632 |
| G1242 |
διαθήκη |
diatheke |
noun |
30 |
The covenant ratified by blood |
G1242 |
| G5204 |
ὕδωρ |
hudor |
noun |
70 |
Paired element (water and blood in purification) |
TODO(need G5204 study) |
| G130 |
αἱματεκχυσία |
haimatekchysia |
noun |
1 |
The event (shedding of blood; Heb 9:22 hapax) |
G130 |
| G4969 |
σφάζω |
sphazo |
verb |
9 |
The slaughter that produces blood |
G4969 |
| G266 |
ἁμαρτία |
hamartia |
noun |
151 |
What blood addresses (sin) |
G266 |
Relationships
Shared Roots
- haima (G129), haimatekchysia (G130), haimorrheo (G131) — all from root αἷμα
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)
| Word A |
Word B |
Shared Verses |
Typical Context |
| haima (G129) |
sarx (G4561) |
11 |
"flesh and blood" idiom for human nature |
| haima (G129) |
ekcheo (G1632) |
10 |
"blood shed" — sacrifice or murder |
| haima (G129) |
diatheke (G1242) |
8 |
"blood of the covenant/testament" |
| haima (G129) |
hudor (G5204) |
7 |
"water and blood" — purification pairing |
| haima (G129) |
hamartia (G266) |
7 |
blood offered/shed for sin |
| sarx (G4561) |
hamartia (G266) |
7 |
flesh as locus of sin |
| ekcheo (G1632) |
diatheke (G1242) |
3 |
covenant blood poured out |
| haima (G129) |
sphazo (G4969) |
2 |
Lamb slain, redeemed by blood |
| haima (G129) |
haimatekchysia (G130) |
1 |
Heb 9:22 — "without shedding of blood is no remission" |
Shared Hebrew Sources
| Hebrew Word |
Strong's |
Greek Members Bridged |
| דָּם (dam) |
H1818 |
haima (269x), ekcheo (49x), sphazo (22x) |
| שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) |
H8210 |
ekcheo (99x), haima (48x) |
| שָׁחַט (shachat) |
H7819 |
sphazo (58x), haima (25x) |
| זָרַק (zaraq) |
H2236 |
haima (23x), sphazo (11x) |
Roles in the Concept
- Substance: haima (αἷμα) — the blood itself, literal and figurative
- Shedding Action: ekcheo (ἐκχέω) — to pour out, shed blood
- Shedding Event: haimatekchysia (αἱματεκχυσία) — the shedding of blood (nominal)
- Slaughter: sphazo (σφάζω) — the killing that produces the blood
- Covenant: diatheke (διαθήκη) — the covenant/testament ratified by blood
- Problem Addressed: hamartia (ἁμαρτία) — sin, which blood atones for
- Paired Element (body): sarx (σάρξ) — flesh, paired in "flesh and blood"
- Paired Element (purity): hudor (ὕδωρ) — water, paired in purification and witness
Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together
- Matt 26:28 — [haima + ekcheo + diatheke + hamartia] "this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins"
- Mark 14:24 — [haima + ekcheo + diatheke] "This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many"
- Luke 22:20 — [haima + ekcheo + diatheke] "This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you"
- Rev 16:4 — [haima + ekcheo + hudor] "the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood"
Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py, strongs_translations.db
Last updated: 2026-04-25