TR: shaphak → ekcheō (Pour Out / Shed)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
─────────── ─────────────── ────────
שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) → ἐκχέω (ekcheō) → ἐκχέω (ekcheō)
H8210, 111x 99x as translation 28x in NT
"pour out, shed" (PMI = 34.35) "pour out, shed"
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H8210 | שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) | 111 | spill forth (blood, libation, liquid), pour out |
Top KJV renderings: shed (11v), pour out (4v), shall pour out (4v), to shed (4v), I will pour out (3v)
Key OT passages: - Gen 9:6 — "Whoso sheddeth (shaphak) man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed" — first occurrence, blood ethic - Lev 4:7 — blood poured at the base of the altar — sacrificial ritual - Deut 12:16 — "pour it upon the earth as water" — blood disposal - Num 35:33 — innocent blood shed defiles the land - Psa 79:6 — "Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen" - Joel 2:28 — "I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh" — the promise later quoted in Acts 2 - Eze 39:29 — "I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel"
TODO(need H8210 study) — canonical entry pending
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Count | PMI Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shaphak (H8210) | ἐκχέω (G1632) | 99 | 34.35 | Overwhelming primary equivalent |
| shaphak (H8210) | αἷμα (G0129) | 48 | 19.91 | Collocation: "shed blood" (haima context) |
| shaphak (H8210) | θυμός (G2372) | 21 | 13.01 | "Pour out wrath/fury" |
| shaphak (H8210) | ἄθωος (G0121) | 7 | 10.51 | "Innocent (blood)" — shed + innocent |
| shaphak (H8210) | ὀργή (G3709) | 10 | 7.76 | "Pour out wrath" |
| shaphak (H8210) | κέρας (G2768) | 6 | 7.96 | "Horn" of altar (blood applied) |
| shaphak (H8210) | βάσις (G0939) | 7 | 9.72 | "Base" of altar (blood poured) |
Semantic continuity: ekcheō carries the full triad of shaphak's uses with remarkable fidelity — literal spilling of liquid, shedding of blood (violent and sacrificial), and outpouring of Spirit or wrath. The LXX translator's choice of ekcheō became so standard that the NT writers adopted it as the natural Greek vehicle for the same theology.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G1632 | ἐκχέω (ekcheō) | 28 | pour out, shed, pour forth |
Top KJV renderings: poured out (8v), is shed (3v), I will pour out (2v), was shed (2v), be spilled (1v)
Key NT passages: - Mat 26:28 / Mark 14:24 / Luke 22:20 — "my blood… which is shed for many" — sacrificial blood typology - Acts 2:17–18 — Peter quotes Joel 2:28 — "I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh" - Acts 2:33 — Christ "hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear" (Pentecost outpouring) - Acts 10:45 — "on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost" - Rom 5:5 — "the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost" - Tit 3:6 — "Which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ" - Rev 16:1–17 — the seven angels pouring bowls of divine wrath
[Canonical entry: G1632-ekcheo.md]
Direct OT→NT Quotations¶
| NT Verse | Quotes OT | Shared Word | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 2:17 | Joel 2:28 | shaphak → ekcheō | "Pour out my Spirit" — Pentecost fulfills Joel |
| Acts 2:18 | Joel 2:29 | shaphak → ekcheō | Extension: Spirit on servants and handmaidens |
| Mat 23:35 | Gen 4:10 (Abel) | dam + shaphak → haima + ekcheō | Righteous blood shed from the foundation |
| Rom 3:15 | Isa 59:7 / Prov 1:16 | shaphak → ekcheō | "Swift to shed blood" |
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - Three theological domains remain intact: (1) blood shed sacrificially or violently, (2) Spirit poured out as divine gift, (3) wrath poured out in judgment. - Joel 2:28 → Acts 2:17 preserves the exact verb chain, making Pentecost a lexical fulfillment of the OT promise. - Altar imagery — blood poured at the base/horns — carries into Rev 16 bowl imagery, where phialē (bowl) is the same vessel used in OT altar service (mizraq).
What shifts: - Object of outpouring expands in the NT. Hebrew shaphak most often takes blood or wrath; in the NT, ekcheō adds "love" (Rom 5:5) and "the gift of the Holy Ghost" (Acts 10:45) as objects. The covenant blood of Christ (Mat 26:28) is a new theological category — voluntary self-outpouring. - Agency inverts in apocalyptic usage. In the OT, God pours out wrath directly or via prophets; in Revelation 16 the act is ritualized — angels pour out vials from the temple, modeled on priestly libation. - Concentration by genre. In the OT, shaphak is spread across Torah, Prophets, and Writings. In the NT, ekcheō concentrates in Revelation (bowls) and Acts (Spirit) — the two apocalyptic-eschatological loci of the NT.
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py G1632 → H8210 Last updated: 2026-04-21