WG: Afflict / Humble¶
Overview¶
The affliction/humbling concept in Hebrew Scripture involves a tight word family from the root ע-נ-ה plus two semantically related verbs that the LXX translates with the same Greek word (ταπεινόω G5013).
Word Group Members¶
| Strong's | Word | Transliteration | POS | Occurrences | Role in Concept | Library Entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H6031 | עָנָה | anah | verb | 79v | The action (to afflict/humble) | H6031-anah.md |
| H6040 | עֳנִי | oniy | noun | 36v | The condition (affliction, misery) | TODO(need H6040 study) |
| H6041 | עָנִי | aniy | adj | 72v | The person (afflicted, poor) | TODO(need H6041 study) |
| H6035 | עָנָו | anav | adj/noun | 21v | The character trait (meek, humble) | TODO(need H6035 study) |
| H1792 | דָּכָא | daka | verb | 18v | Related action (to crush, break) | H1792-daka.md |
| H3665 | כָּנַע | kana | verb | 32v | Related action (to humble, subdue) | TODO(need H3665 study) |
Relationships¶
Shared Roots¶
- anah (H6031), oniy (H6040), aniy (H6041), anav (H6035) — all from root ע-נ-ה. The verb (H6031) generates the noun of condition (H6040), the adjective describing the sufferer (H6041), and the adjective of disposition (H6035).
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶
| Word A | Word B | Shared Verses | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| aniy (H6041) | daka (H1792) | 3v | Psa 72:4 — God delivering the afflicted/crushed |
| anah (H6031) | daka (H1792) | 1v | Psa 94:5 — oppressors afflict and crush God's people |
| oniy (H6040) | aniy (H6041) | 1v | Job 36:15 — "he delivereth the poor in his affliction" |
The low verse-level co-occurrence between group members reflects the normal distribution pattern for word families: Hebrew uses the appropriate family member for each grammatical slot rather than stacking cognates in the same verse.
LXX Overlaps¶
| Hebrew Words | Shared Greek | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| anah (H6031), kana (H3665), daka (H1792), aniy (H6041) | ταπεινόω G5013 | 4 of 6 Hebrew members map to the same Greek verb; LXX unifies what Hebrew distributes across related words |
| aniy (H6041), anav (H6035) | πτωχός G4434, πένης G3993 | The "poor/humble person" adjectives share Greek targets distinct from the verb |
Roles in the Concept¶
- Action (imposed): anah (H6031) Piel — the deliberate afflicting/humbling done to another
- Action (voluntary): anah (H6031) Hithpael — self-humbling before God
- Condition: oniy (H6040) — the state of affliction/misery resulting from the action
- Person: aniy (H6041) — the afflicted or poor one (the most socially charged member — 72v, overlaps significantly with "poor")
- Disposition: anav (H6035) — meekness as a character quality, not just a circumstance
- Intensified action: daka (H1792) — crushing, breaking in pieces (stronger than anah)
- Related action: kana (H3665) — bending the knee, subduing (more about submission than suffering)
Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together¶
- Job 36:15 — oniy (H6040) + aniy (H6041): "He delivereth the poor (aniy) in his affliction (oniy)"
- Psa 94:5 — anah (H6031) + daka (H1792): "They break in pieces (daka) thy people, O LORD, and afflict (anah) thine heritage"
- Psa 72:4 — aniy (H6041) + daka (H1792): "He shall judge the poor (aniy) of the people... and shall break in pieces (daka) the oppressor"
- Isa 53:4,7 — anah (H6031) in the context of the suffering servant, the defining passage where affliction becomes redemptive
Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py, search_strongs.py Last updated: 2026-05-11