H4349 — מָכוֹן (mâkôwn)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H4349
Original: מָכוֹן
Transliteration: mâkôwn (māḵôn)
Pronunciation: maw-kone
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: כּוּן (kûn, H3559) — to be firm, be established, be fixed, prepare
Occurrences: 17 unique verses (19 tokens) in OT
Books: 7 (Exodus, 1 Kings, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Psalms, Isaiah, Daniel)
First Occurrence: Exo 15:17 — "in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H3559; properly, a fixture, i.e. a basis; generally a place, especially as an abode:—foundation, habitation, (dwelling-, settled) place.

The form is a segholate noun built from the verbal root כּוּן (kûn, "to be firmly established") via the m-prefix pattern characteristic of nouns of place/instrument. The semantic emphasis is not merely locative (a "spot") but stability-of-location — a site that has been fixed, founded, or settled. Hence the gloss range: "foundation" (Ps 104:5), "settled place" (1 Kgs 8:13), "dwelling place / habitation" (psalm and prophetic contexts).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
place	6	35.3%
the habitation	2	11.8%
the place	2	11.8%
from / From the place	3	17.6%
dwelling place / in my dwelling place	2	11.8%
a settled place	1	5.9%
and a place	1	5.9%
his place	1	5.9%
the foundations	1	5.9%

The translation "place" dominates, but it conceals the word's semantic weight — KJV often uses "place" where the Hebrew specifically means "established / founded site." "Foundations" (Ps 104:5) and "settled place" (1 Kgs 8:13) preserve the root force more transparently.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
1 Kings	4	0.49
2 Chronicles	4	0.49
Psalms	4	0.16
Isaiah	2	0.15
Exodus	1	0.08
Ezra	1	0.36
Daniel	1	0.28

Pattern: Eight of the seventeen occurrences cluster in Solomon's temple-dedication material (1 Kgs 8; 2 Chr 6), where the phrase "thy dwelling place" (məḵôn šibtekā) is a refrain. The Psalms cluster uses it for YHWH's throne-foundation and the earth's foundations. The single Exodus occurrence (15:17) is the programmatic first use — the Sanctuary as the māḵôn YHWH's hands have established. Daniel 8:11 is the only prophetic-apocalyptic use tied to the sanctuary.

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Sanctuary as YHWH's Established Site (programmatic)¶

Exo 15:17 — "in the place (māḵôn), O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established" — the word defines the Sanctuary as a YHWH-founded site.
Dan 8:11 — "the place (məḵôn) of his sanctuary was cast down" — the sanctuary-site itself, paired with miqdāš.

2. YHWH's Heavenly Dwelling Place (temple-dedication refrain)¶

1 Kgs 8:39 — "hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place (məḵôn šibtekā)"
1 Kgs 8:43 — "Hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place"
1 Kgs 8:49 — "hear thou their prayer... in heaven thy dwelling place"
2 Chr 6:30 — "hear thou from heaven thy dwelling place"
2 Chr 6:33 — "hear thou from the heavens, from thy dwelling place"
2 Chr 6:39 — "hear thou from the heavens, from thy dwelling place"

3. The Earthly Temple as a Settled/Founded Place¶

1 Kgs 8:13 / 2 Chr 6:2 — "I have surely built thee an house to dwell in, a settled place (māḵôn) for thee to abide in for ever"
Ezr 2:68 — offerings "to set it up in his place (ʻal məkônô)" — restoration idiom: the site of the house.

4. Foundation of the Throne (divine kingship)¶

Psa 89:14 — "Justice and judgment are the habitation (məḵôn) of thy throne"
Psa 97:2 — "righteousness and judgment are the habitation (məḵôn) of his throne"

5. Foundation of the Earth / Cosmic Fixity¶

Psa 104:5 — "Who laid the foundations (məḵônîm, pl.) of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever"

6. YHWH's Watching / Resting-Place (heaven)¶

Psa 33:14 — "From the place (məḵôn) of his habitation he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth"
Isa 18:4 — "I will take my rest, and I will consider in my dwelling place (məḵônî)"

7. The Glory-Canopy over Zion¶

Isa 4:5 — "the LORD will create upon every dwelling place (məḵôn) of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יָשַׁב (yāšab) "dwell, sit, abide"	H3427	10x (59%)	məḵôn šibtekā "thy dwelling place" — signature collocation
שָׁמַיִם (šāmayim) "heavens"	H8064	6x (35%)	"hear in heaven thy dwelling place" — heavenly location
שָׁמַע (šāmaʻ) "hear"	H8085	6x (35%)	petition formula: hear from your məḵôn
בַּיִת (bayit) "house"	H1004	5x (29%)	temple/house parallelism
עָשָׂה (ʻāśâ) "make, do"	H6213	5x (29%)	"place which thou hast made" — divine construction
יְהוָה (YHWH)	H3068	4x (24%)	covenant name paired with divine residence
בָּנָה (bānâ) "build"	H1129	4x (24%)	temple construction language
אֶרֶץ (ʼereṣ) "earth"	H776	4x (24%)	heaven-earth framing; also "foundations of the earth"
מִשְׁפָּט (mišpāṭ) "judgment"	H4941	4x (24%)	Ps 89:14; 97:2 — throne-foundation pairs
סָלַח (sālach) "forgive"	H5545	3x (18%)	petition-response formula at temple dedication

The signature collocation is H4349 + H3427 (yāšab) — "the place of thy dwelling." Nearly 60% of occurrences include this pairing, which is effectively a fixed phrase marking YHWH's established residence, whether on earth (temple) or in heaven.

Word Family / Cognates (root כּוּן H3559)¶

H3559 כּוּן (kûn) — verb: to be firm, be established, be fixed; prepare, set up (219 occurrences). The root from which H4349 is formed via m-prefix.
H4350 מְכוֹנָה (mᵉkônâ) — feminine counterpart: base, pedestal (the bronze "bases" of the temple lavers, 1 Kgs 7).
H8499 תְּכוּנָה (tᵉkûnâ) — arrangement, fixture (from same root).

Synonyms¶

No synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H4349.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H4349.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
מָקוֹם (māqôm)	H4725	"place" (138v), "the place" (69v)	māqôm = location, spot, general place (neutral locative); māḵôn = established / founded / fixed place — connotes stability, foundation, settled site. The two are near-synonyms but not interchangeable: only māḵôn carries the firmness / foundedness nuance from root kûn.
נָוֶה (nāweh)	H5116	"habitation"	nāweh = pastoral abode, dwelling (often of shepherds / flocks, or extended to God's habitation in pastoral-poetic register); māḵôn = architecturally or cosmically founded site.
מָעוֹן (māʻôn)	H4583	"habitation"	māʻôn = den, refuge, lair, dwelling (often of animals, or of YHWH poetically); māḵôn emphasizes the act/result of establishment rather than shelter.
בַּיִת (bayit)	H1004	"the place" (5v overlap)	bayit = house, building, dynasty; concrete structure. māḵôn = the founded site (may underlie or contain a bayit).
יָד (yād)	H3027	"place" (2v overlap)	idiomatic only; yād properly = hand.

Easily Confused (via LXX overlap — same Greek rendering)¶

H5116 nāweh, H4583 māʻôn, and H4349 māḵôn all map into Greek κατοικητήριον (G2732) "dwelling place" in LXX, collapsing the Hebrew distinctions in Greek.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
κατοικητήριον (katoikētērion)	G2732	8	9.38	"dwelling-place, habitation" — the primary LXX gloss; used for the temple-dedication refrain
ἕτοιμος (hetoimos)	G2092	9	8.55	"prepared, ready" — renders the root kûn sense of "established / prepared place" (cf. Exo 15:17 LXX "ἕτοιμον κατοικητήριόν σου")
εἰσακούω (eisakouō)	G1522	5	5.08	"to listen / hear" — collocational carryover from "hear in thy dwelling place"
οὐρανός (ouranos)	G3772	6	4.23	"heaven" — collocational (heavenly məḵôn)
νεφέλη (nephelē)	G3507	3	5.34	"cloud" — Isa 4:5 glory-canopy
κρίμα (krima)	G2917	3	4.45	"judgment" — Ps 89:14 / 97:2 throne pairs

Key observation: LXX rarely uses a single equivalent. The most distinctive pairing is Exo 15:17, where LXX renders "the māḵôn which thy hands have established" as ἕτοιμον κατοικητήριόν σου ὅ κατειργάσω, κύριε — combining hetoimos (fixed/prepared) with katoikētērion (dwelling-place), preserving both the "foundedness" and "dwelling" nuances of the Hebrew.

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[002001001058] Steady — the primary relationship domain for māḵôn as an established or fixed place, with neighbors such as H3559 כון, H4350 מְכֹונָה, H4369 מְכֹונָה, H5975/H5976 עמד, and A6966 קום.
[002002001005] Dwell — places the noun in the habitation field, with neighbors such as H166/H167/H168/H169 אהל, H1481 גור, and H1644 גרשׁ.