H906 — בַּד (bad)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H906
Original: בַּד
Transliteration: bad
Pronunciation: bad
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: Perhaps from H909 (in the sense of divided fibres); flaxen thread or yarn
Occurrences: 19 unique verses (23 tokens) across 7 books
First Occurrence: Exo 28:42 — "And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Perhaps from H909 (in the sense of divided fibres); flaxen thread or yarn; hence, a linen garment: — linen.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
linen	10	52.6%
in linen	3	15.8%
a linen	2	10.5%
the linen	2	10.5%
of linen	1	5.3%
with linen	1	5.3%

KJV renders bad as "linen" in every occurrence. The variation above is only prepositional framing.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Ezekiel	6	0.5
Leviticus	4	0.5
Daniel	3	0.8
Exodus	2	0.2
1 Samuel	2	0.2
2 Samuel	1	0.1
1 Chronicles	1	0.1

Ezekiel has the highest raw count (6), but Daniel has the highest density (0.8 per 100 verses). Usage clusters in three domains: priestly legislation (Exodus, Leviticus), prophetic vision figures (Ezekiel, Daniel), and worship narrative (1-2 Samuel, 1 Chronicles). Absent from all wisdom, prophetic-minor, and post-exilic books outside Daniel.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Priestly Garments for Regular Ministry¶

The prescribed uniform for ordinary priestly service — coat, breeches, and girdle of bad. - Exo 28:42 — "And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach" - Exo 39:28 — "And a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonnets of fine linen, and linen breeches of fine twined linen" - Lev 6:10 — "And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and his linen breeches shall he put upon his flesh, and take up the ashes"

2. Day of Atonement Garments (High Priest)¶

On Yom Kippur the high priest sets aside his glory garments (gold, blue, purple, scarlet) and enters the Most Holy Place wearing plain bad garments. - Lev 16:4 — "He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments" - Lev 16:23 — "And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there" - Lev 16:32 — "And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall consecrate to minister in the priest's office in his father's stead, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen garments, even the holy garments"

3. Worship and Ministerial Wearing¶

Individuals serving before the LORD wearing bad as an act of devotion. - 1Sa 2:18 — "But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod" - 2Sa 6:14 — "And David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David was girded with a linen ephod" - 1Ch 15:27 — "And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the Levites that bare the ark, and the singers" - 1Sa 22:18 — "And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests... eighty-five persons that did wear a linen ephod"

4. Angelic/Heavenly Figures in Prophetic Vision¶

An angelic being appearing "clothed in linen" — the identifying marker of a heavenly messenger in Ezekiel and Daniel. - Eze 9:2 — "And, behold, six men came... and every man a slaughter weapon in his hand; and one man among them was clothed with linen, which had the inkhorn by his side" - Eze 10:2 — "And he spake unto the man clothed with linen, and said, Go in between the wheels, even under the cherub, and fill thine hand with coals of fire" - Dan 10:5 — "Then I lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz" - Dan 12:6-7 — "And one said to the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, How long shall it be to the end of these wonders?"

5. Divine Judgment Executor¶

The man in bad serves as the agent of divine action in Ezekiel's vision — marking the righteous and handling fire from among the cherubim. - Eze 9:3 — "And the glory of the God of Israel was gone up from the cherub... and he called to the man clothed with linen, which had the inkhorn by his side" - Eze 9:11 — "And, behold, the man clothed with linen, which had the inkhorn by his side, reported the matter, saying, I have done as thou hast commanded me" - Eze 10:6-7 — "when he had commanded the man clothed with linen, saying, Take fire from between the wheels... one cherub stretched forth his hand... unto the fire... and put it into the hands of him that was clothed with linen"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
אִישׁ (ish)	H376	9x (47%)	"the man clothed with/in linen" (Eze 9-10, Dan 10, 12)
מֹתֶן (mothen)	H4975	5x (26%)	"upon his loins" — girdle placement (Lev 16:4, Dan 10:5, Eze 9:2)
אֵפוֹד (ephod)	H646	4x (21%)	"linen ephod" — priestly/ministerial garment (1Sa 2:18, 22:18, 2Sa 6:14, 1Ch 15:27)
מִכְנָס (miknas)	H4370	4x (21%)	"linen breeches" — undergarment covering nakedness (Exo 28:42, 39:28, Lev 16:4)
חָגַר (chagar)	H2296	4x (21%)	"girded with linen" — fastening the garment (Lev 16:4, 1Sa 2:18, 2Sa 6:14)
קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)	H6944	4x (21%)	"holy garments" — bad garments are designated holy (Lev 16:4, 32)
כְּרוּב (kerub)	H3742	4x (21%)	Cherubim present in scenes with the linen-clad figure (Eze 10:2, 6, 7)
בֶּגֶד (beged)	H899	3x (16%)	"linen garments" — bad qualifying the generic garment word (Lev 16:4, 23, 32)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שֵׁשׁ (shesh)	H8336	"linen"	Bleached white linen; used for tabernacle hangings, curtains, and the glory garments of the high priest (ephod, breastplate, robe). Material specification for woven/embroidered items.
פִּשְׁתֶּה (pishteh)	H6593	"linen"	Flax fiber or thread; the raw material from which linen textiles are made. Used for common garments, not restricted to priestly contexts. Eze 44:17-18 uses pishteh for the eschatological priestly garments.
בּוּץ (buwts)	H948	"fine linen"	Probably fine white cotton or linen; post-exilic/Chronicles term. Used for David's robe (1Ch 15:27), Levitical singers' garments, and Persian court fabric (Est 1:6, 8:15).

Distinction: Bad is the technical term specifically for the white linen fabric of ordinary priestly garments and the Day of Atonement vestments. Shesh is the fine linen of the glory garments and tabernacle. Pishteh is the generic flax/linen thread. Buwts is a later term for fine white fabric.

Synonyms (from SDBH)¶

H2450 חָכָם (chakam) — listed as synonym in SDBH (likely through a homonym of bad meaning "liar/boaster"; not relevant to the textile sense)

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἐνδύω (endyo) G1746	14	20.50	Verb "to clothe/put on" — renders the action of wearing bad, not the garment itself
στολή (stole) G4749	7	14.76	Long-fitting robe; the LXX substantive equivalent for the bad garment itself
ζώνη (zone) G2223	4	12.83	Belt/girdle — renders the girding context
ὀσφῦς (osphys) G3751	5	12.12	Loins — anatomical location for girding
ποδήρης (poderes) G4158	3	11.97	Reaching to the feet — describes the full-length bad robe

The LXX does not have a single dedicated equivalent for bad. It uses G4749 stole for the garment and G1746 endyo for the wearing action. In Rev 1:13 the risen Christ is described with poderes (G4158), the same word the LXX uses for the bad garment in Ezekiel.