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Grammar Analysis: 1 Corinthians 11:23-30

Theme: Lord's Supper institution — cup of the new covenant, unworthy participation brings judgment.

Text

Greek (NA/BYZ text as parsed):

  • v.23 — ἐγὼ γὰρ παρέλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὃ καὶ παρέδωκα ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο ἔλαβεν ἄρτον
  • v.24 — καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ εἶπεν Τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.
  • v.25 — ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ ποτήριον μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ αἵματι· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε, εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.
  • v.26 — ὁσάκις γὰρ ἐὰν ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον καὶ τὸ ποτήριον πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε, ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ.
  • v.27 — ὥστε ὃς ἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἀναξίως, ἔνοχος ἔσται τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Κυρίου.
  • v.28 — δοκιμαζέτω δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν, καὶ οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἐσθιέτω καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω·
  • v.29 — ὁ γὰρ ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων κρίμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα.
  • v.30 — διὰ τοῦτο ἐν ὑμῖν πολλοὶ ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι καὶ κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί.

KJV:

23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the [same] night in which he was betrayed took bread: 24 And when he had given thanks, he brake [it], and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also [he took] the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink [it], in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. 27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink [this] cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of [that] bread, and drink of [that] cup. 29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. 30 For this cause many [are] weak and sickly among you, and many sleep.

Word-by-Word Parsing

Verse 23 — Tradition received and delivered

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 ἐγὼ ἐγώ G1473 P-1NS — Nom Sg (emphatic)
2 γὰρ γάρ G1063 CONJ
3 παρέλαβον παραλαμβάνω G3880 V-2AAI-1S — Aor Act Ind 1sg
4 ἀπὸ ἀπό G575 PREP
5 τοῦ Κυρίου κύριος G2962 T-GSM + N-GSM — Gen Sg M
6 ὃ ὅς G3739 R-ASN — Acc Sg N (relative)
7 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
8 παρέδωκα παραδίδωμι G3860 V-AAI-1S — Aor Act Ind 1sg
9 ὑμῖν σύ G4771 P-2DP — Dat Pl
10 ὅτι ὅτι G3754 CONJ (content "that")
11 ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς κύριος / Ἰησοῦς G2962 / G2424 T-NSM + N-NSM — subject
12 ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ νύξ G3571 PREP + T-DSF + N-DSF
13 ᾗ ὅς G3739 R-DSF — Dat Sg F (relative)
14 παρεδίδετο παραδίδωμι G3860 V-IPI-3S — Impf Pass Ind 3sg
15 ἔλαβεν λαμβάνω G2983 V-2AAI-3S — Aor Act Ind 3sg
16 ἄρτον ἄρτος G740 N-ASM — Acc Sg M

Verse 24 — Body given, memorial command

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
2 εὐχαριστήσας εὐχαριστέω G2168 V-AAP-NSM — Aor Act Ptcp Nom Sg M
3 ἔκλασεν κλάω G2806 V-AAI-3S — Aor Act Ind 3sg
4 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
5 εἶπεν λέγω G3004 V-2AAI-3S — Aor Act Ind 3sg
6 Τοῦτό οὗτος G3778 D-NSN — Nom Sg N (demonstrative)
7 μού ἐγώ G1473 P-1GS — Gen Sg
8 ἐστιν εἰμί G1510 V-PAI-3S — Pres Act Ind 3sg
9 τὸ σῶμα σῶμα G4983 T-NSN + N-NSN — Nom Sg N
10 τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ὑπέρ G5228 T-NSN + PREP + P-2GP (articular PP)
11 τοῦτο οὗτος G3778 D-ASN — Acc Sg N
12 ποιεῖτε ποιέω G4160 V-PAM-2P — Pres Act Impv 2pl
13 εἰς εἰς G1519 PREP
14 τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν ἀνάμνησις G364 T-ASF + S-1SASF + N-ASF

Verse 25 — Cup, new covenant

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 ὡσαύτως ὡσαύτως G5615 ADV ("in the same way")
2 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
3 τὸ ποτήριον ποτήριον G4221 T-ASN + N-ASN — Acc Sg N
4 μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι δειπνέω G1172 PREP + T-ASN + V-AAN (articular infinitive)
5 λέγων λέγω G3004 V-PAP-NSM — Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M
6 Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον οὗτος / ποτήριον G3778 / G4221 D-NSN + T-NSN + N-NSN (subject)
7 ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη καινός / διαθήκη G2537 / G1242 T-NSF + A-NSF + N-NSF (predicate)
8 ἐστὶν εἰμί G1510 V-PAI-3S — Pres Act Ind 3sg
9 ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ αἵματι αἷμα G129 PREP + T-DSN + S-1SDSN + N-DSN
10 τοῦτο ποιεῖτε ποιέω G4160 V-PAM-2P — Pres Act Impv 2pl
11 ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε πίνω G4095 ADV + COND + V-PAS-2P — Pres Act Subj 2pl
12 εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν ἀνάμνησις G364 PREP + T-ASF + S-1SASF + N-ASF

Verse 26 — Proclamation until he comes

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 ὁσάκις γὰρ ἐὰν ὁσάκις / γάρ / ἐάν — ADV + CONJ + COND ("for as often as")
2 ἐσθίητε ἐσθίω G2068 V-PAS-2P — Pres Act Subj 2pl
3 τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον ἄρτος / οὗτος G740 / G3778 T-ASM + N-ASM + D-ASM
4 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
5 τὸ ποτήριον πίνητε ποτήριον / πίνω G4221 / G4095 T-ASN + N-ASN + V-PAS-2P
6 τὸν θάνατον θάνατος G2288 N-ASM — Acc Sg M (object)
7 τοῦ Κυρίου κύριος G2962 T-GSM + N-GSM (possessive gen)
8 καταγγέλλετε καταγγέλλω G2605 V-PAI-2P — Pres Act Ind 2pl
9 ἄχρι οὗ ἄχρι / ὅς G891 / G3739 ADV + R-GSM ("until which [time]")
10 ἔλθῃ ἔρχομαι G2064 V-2AAS-3S — Aor Act Subj 3sg

Verse 27 — Unworthy eating: liable

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 ὥστε ὥστε G5620 CONJ (inferential "therefore")
2 ὃς ἂν ὅς / ἄν G3739 / G302 R-NSM + PRT (indefinite rel "whoever")
3 ἐσθίῃ ἐσθίω G2068 V-PAS-3S — Pres Act Subj 3sg
4 τὸν ἄρτον ἄρτος G740 T-ASM + N-ASM
5 ἢ ἤ G2228 PRT ("or")
6 πίνῃ πίνω G4095 V-PAS-3S — Pres Act Subj 3sg
7 τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου ποτήριον / κύριος G4221 / G2962 T-ASN + N-ASN + T-GSM + N-GSM
8 ἀναξίως ἀναξίως G371 ADV ("unworthily")
9 ἔνοχος ἔνοχος G1777 A-NSM (predicate adjective, "liable")
10 ἔσται εἰμί G1510 V-FDI-3S — Fut Mid Ind 3sg ("will be")
11 τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Κυρίου σῶμα / αἷμα / κύριος G4983 / G129 / G2962 three genitives (object of liability)

Verse 28 — Self-examination command

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 δοκιμαζέτω δοκιμάζω G1381 V-PAM-3S — Pres Act Impv 3sg ("let him test")
2 δὲ δέ G1161 CONJ
3 ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος G444 N-NSM — Nom Sg M (subject, anarthrous)
4 ἑαυτόν ἑαυτοῦ G1438 F-3ASM — Acc Sg M (reflexive)
5 καὶ οὕτως καί / οὕτω G2532 / G3779 CONJ + ADV ("and thus")
6 ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἄρτος G740 PREP + T-GSM + N-GSM (partitive)
7 ἐσθιέτω ἐσθίω G2068 V-PAM-3S — Pres Act Impv 3sg
8 καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου ποτήριον G4221 PREP + T-GSN + N-GSN
9 πινέτω πίνω G4095 V-PAM-3S — Pres Act Impv 3sg

Verse 29 — Eating/drinking judgment

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 ὁ γὰρ ἐσθίων ἐσθίω G2068 T-NSM + CONJ + V-PAP-NSM (articular participle)
2 καὶ πίνων πίνω G4095 CONJ + V-PAP-NSM
3 κρίμα κρίμα G2917 N-ASN — Acc Sg N ("judgment")
4 ἑαυτῷ ἑαυτοῦ G1438 F-3DSM — Dat Sg M ("to himself")
5 ἐσθίει ἐσθίω G2068 V-PAI-3S — Pres Act Ind 3sg
6 καὶ πίνει πίνω G4095 CONJ + V-PAI-3S
7 μὴ διακρίνων μή / διακρίνω G3361 / G1252 PRT-N + V-PAP-NSM ("not discerning")
8 τὸ σῶμα σῶμα G4983 T-ASN + N-ASN (object)

Verse 30 — Present-tense consequence

# Word Lemma Strong Parsing
1 διὰ τοῦτο διά / οὗτος G1223 / G3778 PREP + D-ASN ("on account of this")
2 ἐν ὑμῖν σύ G4771 PREP + P-2DP
3 πολλοὶ πολύς G4183 A-NPM — Nom Pl M
4 ἀσθενεῖς ἀσθενής G772 A-NPM ("weak")
5 καὶ ἄρρωστοι ἄρρωστος G732 CONJ + A-NPM ("sickly/feeble")
6 καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
7 κοιμῶνται κοιμάομαι G2837 V-PPI-3P — Pres Pass Ind 3pl ("are falling asleep")
8 ἱκανοί ἱκανός G2425 A-NPM ("a considerable number")

Key Grammatical Features

1. παρέλαβον ... παρέδωκα (v.23) — The technical pair for tradition transmission

  • Form: Both aorist active indicative, 1st singular. παρέλαβον is a 2nd aorist of παραλαμβάνω (G3880, "receive alongside"); παρέδωκα is the 1st aorist of παραδίδωμι (G3860, "deliver over").
  • Significance: This is rabbinic/technical vocabulary for passing on received tradition (compare 1 Cor 15:3). The aorists mark two completed, punctiliar acts: Paul received from the Lord and delivered to the Corinthians. The balanced pair establishes the chain of custody for the words that follow — Paul is not innovating but transmitting.
  • Grammar reference: See grammar-reference/greek/aorist-infinitive-accusative-of-duration.md for aorist aspect theory more generally.
  • Word studies: None yet for παραδίδωμι / παραλαμβάνω (gap).

2. παρεδίδετο (v.23) — Imperfect passive of betrayal

  • Form: Imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular, from παραδίδωμι (G3860).
  • Significance: The imperfect aspect portrays the act as in process ("was being handed over") rather than as a completed event (which would take an aorist). This aligns with the temporal clause ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ ("in the night in which") — the betrayal-process is unfolding while Jesus is celebrating the meal. The passive voice leaves the agent unexpressed; in Pauline usage this can shade toward the divine passive (God handing over the Son, cf. Rom 4:25; 8:32) as well as Judas's act.
  • Lexical irony: The same verb (παραδίδωμι) used here for Christ being betrayed is used in v.23 for Paul "delivering" the tradition. Paul hands over what Christ handed himself over for.
  • Grammar reference: See grammar-reference/greek/divine-passive.md.

3. τοῦτο ποιεῖτε (vv.24, 25) — Present imperative of ongoing command

  • Form: Present active imperative, 2nd plural, from ποιέω (G4160).
  • Significance: The present imperative commands a habitual, ongoing practice, not a one-time action. Paired with ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε ("as often as you drink") in v.25 and ὁσάκις ... ἐὰν ἐσθίητε ... πίνητε in v.26, the present stem confirms repeated, iterative observance. Contrast with an aorist imperative, which would command a single completed act (see grammar-reference/greek/mood-aorist-imperative.md). The choice of present over aorist is intentional: communion is a repeated remembrance, not a one-off ceremony.

4. Predicate nominative identifications — Τοῦτό ... ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα (v.24) and Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐστὶν (v.25)

  • Form: Demonstrative subject (Τοῦτο, D-NSN) + present indicative of εἰμί (ἐστιν) + articular predicate nominative (τὸ σῶμα / ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη).
  • Significance: The Greek follows the normal equative sentence pattern: subject is the articular nominative that agrees in gender/number with the pronoun's referent, while the predicate is the other articular nominative. In v.25 the identification is chained: "this cup is the new covenant in my blood." Grammatically ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ αἵματι modifies either διαθήκη ("the new covenant [ratified] in my blood") or the whole predication ("this cup is the new covenant, in/by my blood"). Either way, the εἰμί clause is not physical-identity metaphysics but representational predication — the cup stands for / embodies / corresponds to the covenant-in-blood, the same idiomatic force as "the seven lamps are the seven Spirits" in Rev 4:5.
  • Word studies:
  • Cup: word-studies/G4221-poterion.md and OT parallel word-studies/TR-kowc-poterion.md
  • Covenant: word-studies/G1242-diatheke.md and OT parallel word-studies/TR-beriyth-diatheke.md
  • Blood: word-studies/TR-dam-haima.md
  • Body: word-studies/G4983-soma.md

5. μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι (v.25) — Articular infinitive of time

  • Form: μετά + τὸ (accusative article) + δειπνῆσαι (aorist active infinitive of δειπνέω, G1172).
  • Significance: μετά + articular infinitive in the accusative is a fixed temporal construction meaning "after [verb]ing." The aorist infinitive marks the completed action of supping; the temporal preposition places the cup event "after having supped." This locates the cup sequentially after the bread and the meal proper — the "cup after supper" — which is the standard Passover seder pattern for the third cup (the cup of blessing). The same construction family (articular infinitive with preposition) appears in different cases for cause, purpose, and time; see the related entry grammar-reference/greek/aorist-infinitive-accusative-of-duration.md.

6. ὁσάκις ἐὰν ... πίνητε / ἐσθίητε (vv.25, 26) — Indefinite temporal/frequency clause with present subjunctive

  • Form: ὁσάκις ("as often as") + ἐὰν (G1437, conditional particle) + present active subjunctive 2pl.
  • Significance: ὁσάκις ἐάν + subjunctive constructs an indefinite-frequency clause: "as often as, whenever, you [happen to] eat/drink." The present subjunctive reinforces ongoing/iterative action. Paul is not prescribing a schedule; he is wrapping the memorial around every occurrence of the meal. v.26 makes this the basis for an indicative consequence: καταγγέλλετε ("you proclaim"), a present indicative that is continuous and declarative — every celebration = an act of proclamation τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου ("the death of the Lord") ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ ("until he comes," aorist subjunctive in an indefinite temporal clause with future reference).

7. ὃς ἂν ... ἐσθίῃ ἢ πίνῃ (v.27) — Indefinite relative with subjunctive

  • Form: ὅς (R-NSM) + ἄν (G302) + present subjunctive 3sg twice, joined by ἤ ("or").
  • Significance: ὃς ἄν + subjunctive is the standard generalizing relative: "whoever [at any time] eats or drinks." The ἤ ("or") is important: eating the bread OR drinking the cup unworthily — either one — makes the participant liable. That is, the two elements are treated as a single sacramental complex; you cannot opt out of one half. The following ἔνοχος ἔσται ("will be liable/guilty") uses the future middle of εἰμί (ἔσται), marking the consequence as certain and predictive.

8. ἀναξίως (v.27) — Adverb of manner

  • Form: Adverb of ἀνάξιος, G371, formed with the -ως adverbial suffix.
  • Significance: This is an adverb, not an adjective. It modifies the manner of eating/drinking, not the moral worthiness of the participant as a person. The text does not read ὁ ἀνάξιος ("the unworthy person") but rather ἀναξίως ("in an unworthy manner"). This nuance is critical for pastoral reading: Paul is not barring the unworthy-as-such from the table (everyone is that); he is warning against unworthy conduct at the table — the specific contextual sin being the divisive, class-based eating of 1 Cor 11:17-22. The adverbial construction points to behavior, not to a character verdict.

9. ἔνοχος ἔσται τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος (v.27) — Predicate adjective with objective genitive

  • Form: ἔνοχος (A-NSM, predicate adjective, "liable/guilty of") + future middle of εἰμί + triple genitive σώματος ... αἵματος ... Κυρίου.
  • Significance: ἔνοχος with a genitive typically takes the genitive of the offense (e.g., "guilty of death") or of the party wronged/the thing violated. Here the genitives are the body and blood of the Lord — the offended realities. The guilt is of a kind corresponding to treating Christ's body and blood contemptibly; the unworthy participant is charged as though they had wronged the body and blood itself. The double-articled τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος (each with its own article) treats each as a discrete entity of liability.

10. δοκιμαζέτω ... ἐσθιέτω ... πινέτω (v.28) — Three third-person present imperatives

  • Form: Present active imperative, 3rd singular. δοκιμαζέτω (G1381, "let him test/examine"), ἐσθιέτω (G2068, "let him eat"), πινέτω (G4095, "let him drink").
  • Significance: Third-person imperatives in Greek render something between "must" and "let him." They address an individual via the generic ἄνθρωπος ("a man/person"). The sequence is ordered: examine first, then eat, then drink — καὶ οὕτως ("and thus/in this way") ties the eating/drinking to the prior self-testing as both prerequisite and method. The present stem again indicates ongoing practice, not a one-time audit. Parallel to grammar-reference/greek/mood-aorist-imperative.md — but here present, not aorist, because the examination is repeated each celebration.

11. ὁ ... ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων ... μὴ διακρίνων (v.29) — Articular and anarthrous participles

  • Form: ὁ ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων = substantival articular present participles ("the one eating and drinking"). μὴ διακρίνων = adverbial anarthrous present participle with μή ("not discerning") modifying the main verbs ἐσθίει ... πίνει.
  • Significance: Two different participial functions in one verse:
  • Substantival: ὁ ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων names the agent — "the one who eats and drinks" — treating the participles as a noun phrase.
  • Adverbial circumstantial: μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα modifies the manner/cause of the eating and drinking: he eats and drinks while/because not discerning the body. The negation with μή (not οὐ) is expected with participles expressing condition or manner.
  • The adverbial participle gives the reason judgment falls: the eating is self-condemning because it is done without discerning the body. "The body" (τὸ σῶμα) here echoes the σῶμα of v.24 (Christ's body given) and is the semantic hinge between sacramental and ecclesial meaning.
  • Word studies: word-studies/G2917-krima.md, word-studies/G4983-soma.md.

12. κοιμῶνται (v.30) — Present passive of "sleep" (euphemism for death)

  • Form: Present passive indicative, 3rd plural, from κοιμάομαι (G2837, "fall asleep").
  • Significance: κοιμάομαι used absolutely (without qualification) is the standard NT euphemism for Christian death (cf. 1 Cor 15:6, 18, 20, 51; 1 Thess 4:13-15). The present tense here is durative/iterative: "a considerable number are sleeping" — meaning the community is currently experiencing a wave of deaths that Paul attributes to the abuse of the Supper. The progression in v.30 is diagnostic, ascending in severity: ἀσθενεῖς ("weak") → ἄρρωστοι ("sick") → κοιμῶνται ("are falling asleep/dying). The passive voice of κοιμάομαι is deponent (middle/passive in form, intransitive in meaning), not an agent-backgrounding passive.

Clause Structure Notes

  • vv.23-25 form a single transmission block introduced by γάρ — Paul reports what he received/delivered. The main verbs are the aorists παρέλαβον, παρέδωκα (Paul's action) and ἔλαβεν, εὐχαριστήσας/ἔκλασεν/εἶπεν, λέγων (Christ's action on the night he was being betrayed).
  • v.26 begins a Pauline commentary (marked by γάρ): the ὁσάκις ... ἐὰν ... πίνητε / ἐσθίητε clauses are temporal-conditional; καταγγέλλετε is the present indicative main verb of declared consequence; ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ closes the period with an indefinite temporal clause pointing forward to the parousia.
  • v.27 is a full result/inference clause (ὥστε) with an indefinite subject (ὃς ἂν ... ἐσθίῃ ἢ πίνῃ ... ἀναξίως) and a future predicate-adjectival clause (ἔνοχος ἔσται).
  • v.28 uses δέ to pivot from warning to prescription; three 3rd-person present imperatives structure the positive command.
  • v.29 restates v.27 in indicative mode: the one who eats/drinks without discerning eats κρίμα to himself. γάρ ties it back as explanation.
  • v.30 (διὰ τοῦτο, "on account of this") gives the empirical fallout — present-tense observables in the Corinthian church.

Cross-References

Grammar library

Gaps (not yet in library — candidates for new entries)

  • Present imperative vs. aorist imperative — semantic contrast (ongoing vs. punctiliar command). Highly relevant here.
  • Indefinite relative/temporal clauses (ὃς ἄν, ὁσάκις ἐάν + subjunctive) — used multiple times in this passage.
  • Predicate adjective with genitive of respect/wronged party — ἔνοχος + genitive (v.27).
  • Substantival vs. circumstantial participle contrast — illustrated in v.29.
  • Adverbial modifier in -ως — ἀναξίως as distinct from an adjective of character.
  • κοιμάομαι as death euphemism — likely best as a word study rather than grammar entry.

Word studies

Word-study gaps

  • παραδίδωμι (G3860) — "hand over / betray / deliver" — central pun of the passage.
  • παραλαμβάνω (G3880) — "receive [tradition]" — pairs with παραδίδωμι.
  • ἀνάμνησις (G364) — "remembrance / memorial."
  • διακρίνω (G1252) — "discern / distinguish / judge thoroughly."
  • δοκιμάζω (G1381) — "test / examine / approve after testing."
  • καταγγέλλω (G2605) — "proclaim / announce."
  • κοιμάομαι (G2837) — death euphemism.
  • ἔνοχος (G1777) — "liable / guilty of."
  • ἀναξίως (G371) / ἀνάξιος — "unworthy."