WG: Abundance / Surplus¶
Overview¶
The Greek perissos- word family forms a tight cognate cluster expressing the concept of surplus, superabundance, and excess. The group centers on the root adjective perissos ("beyond what is necessary") and its verbal, nominal, and adverbial derivatives. The antonym husterēma ("deficit/want") appears explicitly paired with perisseuma in 2 Cor 8:14.
Word Group Members¶
| Strong's | Word | Transliteration | POS | Occurrences | Role in Concept | Library Entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G4051 | περίσσευμα | perisseuma | neuter noun | 4v | The concrete surplus itself | G4051 |
| G4050 | περισσεία | perisseia | feminine noun | 4v | Abstract quality of surplus | TODO(need G4050 study) |
| G4052 | περισσεύω | perisseuō | verb | 35v | The action of abounding | G4052 |
| G4053 | περισσός | perissos | adjective | 14v | Quality: superabundant, exceeding | G4053 |
| G5303 | ὑστέρημα | husterēma | neuter noun | 8v | Antonym: deficit, want, poverty | TODO(need G5303 study) |
| G2588 | καρδία | kardia | feminine noun | 152v | Collocate: the heart as overflow source | TODO(need G2588 study) |
Relationships¶
Shared Roots¶
- perisseuma (G4051), perisseia (G4050), perisseuō (G4052), perissos (G4053) — all from root περισσός ("beyond")
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶
| Word A | Word B | Shared Verses | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| G4051 perisseuma | G2588 kardia | 2v (50% of A) | "out of the abundance of the heart" (Matt 12:34, Luke 6:45) |
| G4052 perisseuō | G5303 husterēma | 2v (6% of A, 25% of B) | surplus-deficit contrast (Luke 21:4, 2 Cor 8:14 context) |
| G4051 perisseuma | G5303 husterēma | 1v (25% of A, 12% of B) | "your abundance for their want" (2 Cor 8:14) |
| G4050 perisseia | G4052 perisseuō | 1v (25% of A, 3% of B) | "abundance of joy" (2 Cor 8:2) |
Semantic Distinctions Within the Cognate Cluster¶
- perisseuma (G4051) — the concrete thing left over; what overflows from a container
- perisseia (G4050) — the abstract state or quality of having surplus
- perisseuō (G4052) — the dynamic action/process of abounding or exceeding
- perissos (G4053) — adjectival: describing something as beyond what is expected or necessary
Roles in the Concept¶
- Quality: perissos (G4053) — the base adjective: "superabundant, exceeding"
- Action: perisseuō (G4052) — the verb: "to superabound, have more than enough"
- Abstract state: perisseia (G4050) — the condition of surplus
- Concrete result: perisseuma (G4051) — the surplus itself (what overflows or is left over)
- Antonym: husterēma (G5303) — the deficit that surplus fills
- Collocate: kardia (G2588) — the heart as the source from which internal surplus overflows
Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together¶
- 2 Cor 8:2 — perisseia + perisseuō: "abundance (perisseia) of their joy ... abounded (perisseuō)"
- 2 Cor 8:14 — perisseuma + husterēma: "your abundance (perisseuma) ... their want (husterēma) ... their abundance (perisseuma) ... your want (husterēma)"
- Luke 21:4 — perisseuō + husterēma: "these have of their abundance (perisseuō) cast in ... she of her penury (husterēma)"
Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py, gather_word_data.py Last updated: 2026-05-03