Another's)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)              Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────              ────────
נׇכְרִי (nokriy)    →  ἀλλότριος (allotrios)    →  ἀλλότριος (allotrios)
H5237, 45x in OT       38x as translation          13x in NT
"foreign, strange"      of nokriy                   "another's, foreign"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H5237	נׇכְרִי (nokriy)	45	foreign person, strange woman, alien
H5236	נֵכָר (nekar)	35	foreignness, foreign land/god
H2114	זוּר (zuwr)	76	to turn aside; stranger, estranged — H2114-zuwr.md

Key OT passages: - Deut 17:15 — "thou mayest not set a stranger (nokriy) over thee, which is not thy brother" - 1 Ki 8:41 — "concerning a stranger (nokriy), that is not of thy people Israel, but cometh out of a far country for thy name's sake" - Ezra 10:2 — "We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange (nokriy) wives"

H5237-nokriy.md; H2114-zuwr.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
nokriy (H5237)	ἀλλότριος (G245)	38x	27.28	Primary equivalent
zuwr (H2114)	ἀλλότριος (G245)	37x	24.17	Near-equal mapping
nekar (H5236)	ἀλλότριος (G245)	18x	20.88	Parent noun also bridges
acher (H312)	ἀλλότριος (G245)	19x	13.66	"Another/different" sense

Semantic shift in translation: The Hebrew distinguishes three nuances — nokriy (foreign person), zuwr (deviant/estranged), nekar (foreignness as quality). The LXX collapses all three into allotrios ("belonging to another"), losing the distinction between ethnic foreignness (nokriy) and moral estrangement (zuwr). The ger/sojourner concept is kept separate, mapped to πάροικος/προσήλυτος instead.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G245	ἀλλότριος (allotrios)	13	another's, foreign, not one's own
G3581	ξένος (xenos)	14	foreign, stranger, guest
G241	ἀλλογενής (allogenes)	1	foreign-born (Luke 17:18 — the Samaritan)

Key NT passages: - John 10:5 — "And a stranger (allotrios) will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers" - Acts 7:6 — "his seed should sojourn in a strange (allotrios) land; and that they should bring them into bondage" - Heb 9:25 — "Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others (allotrios)" - Heb 11:34 — "turned to flight the armies of the aliens (allotrios)"

TODO(need G245 study)

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes/Echoes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Acts 7:6	Gen 15:13	nokriy-territory → allotrios land	Stephen's speech: Israel's sojourn in Egypt as "foreign land"
Heb 11:34	Echoes Obad 1:11	nokriy armies → allotrios armies	Faith chapter recalls foreign invaders turned back

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core sense of "not belonging to the community" persists — allotrios in the NT still marks what is outside one's own household, flock, or people - Property/ownership framing is consistent: nokriy = "not your brother," allotrios = "not your own"

What shifts: - The NT broadens allotrios beyond ethnic boundaries — in John 10:5, the "stranger" is anyone whose voice the sheep do not recognize (spiritual discernment, not nationality) - Heb 9:25 uses allotrios for sacrificial blood that is "not one's own" — a cultic-metaphorical application absent from the OT ethnic usage - The "strange woman" semantic category (dominant in Proverbs) has no NT parallel through allotrios

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-04-30