H2549 — חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2549
Original: חֲמִישִׁי
Transliteration: chamiyshiy
Pronunciation: kham-ee-shee
Part of Speech: Adjective (ordinal numeral)
Root: חָמֵשׁ (chamesh, H2568) — five
Occurrences: 44 unique verses (47 tokens) across 15 books
First Occurrence: Gen 1:23 — "And the evening and the morning were the fifth day."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Ordinal from H2568 (chamesh); fifth; also a fifth (part). The word functions both as a standard ordinal adjective ("the fifth day/month/year") and as a fractional noun ("a fifth part" = 20%).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
the fifth	24	54.5%
fifth	5	11.4%
The fifth	4	9.1%
thereof	4	9.1%
and	2	4.5%
in the fifth	2	4.5%
the fifth part	2	4.5%
a fifth part	1	2.3%
and the fifth	1	2.3%
of it	1	2.3%
of the fifth	1	2.3%

The KJV renders chamiyshiy as a plain ordinal ("fifth") ~80% of the time and as a fraction ("fifth part") ~20%.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Zechariah	3	1.4
Leviticus	9	1.0
1 Chronicles	9	1.0
Ezra	2	0.7
Numbers	4	0.3
Jeremiah	4	0.3
Genesis	3	0.2
Judges	1	0.2
1 Kings	2	0.2
Nehemiah	1	0.2
Joshua	1	0.2
Ezekiel	2	0.2
2 Kings	1	0.1
2 Chronicles	1	0.1
2 Samuel	1	0.1

Leviticus and 1 Chronicles tie for highest raw count (9 each). Leviticus uses the word in its fractional sense ("fifth part") for restitution/redemption law; 1 Chronicles uses it exclusively as an ordinal for birth-order and priestly/Levitical roster enumerations.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Restitution Fraction — "Add the Fifth Part" (20% Surcharge)¶

The distinctive legal use. In cultic and civil restitution law, the offender restores the principal plus a chamiyshiy (one-fifth / 20%) surcharge.

Lev 5:16 — "And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest"
Lev 6:5 — "he shall even restore it in the principal, and shall add the fifth part more thereto, and give it unto him to whom it appertaineth, in the day of his trespass offering"
Num 5:7 — "he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed"
Lev 22:14 — "if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest"

This fractional use also appears in redemption of vows and dedications: - Lev 27:13 — "if he will at all redeem it, then he shall add a fifth part thereof unto thy estimation" - Lev 27:15, 19, 27, 31 — same formula for redeeming houses, fields, unclean beasts, and tithes

2. Chronological Marker — "The Fifth Day/Month/Year"¶

The majority use: marking time in dates and narrative chronology.

Gen 1:23 — "And the evening and the morning were the fifth day" (creation narrative)
2 Ki 25:8 — "in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month... came Nebuzaradan... and burnt the house of the LORD"
Jer 36:9 — "in the fifth year of Jehoiakim... in the ninth month, they proclaimed a fast"
Eze 1:2 — "In the fifth day of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin's captivity"

3. Enumeration / Birth-Order / Roster Position¶

Ordinal ranking in genealogies, tribal allotments, and priestly courses.

Gen 30:17 — "she conceived, and bare Jacob the fifth son"
2 Sam 3:4 — "the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital"
1 Chr 2:14 — "Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth"
1 Chr 24:9 — "The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin"

4. Taxation / Economic Portion¶

Gen 47:24 — "ye shall give the fifth part unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own" (Joseph's 20% tax on Egyptian harvests)

5. Architectural Proportion¶

1 Ki 6:31 — "the lintel and side posts were a fifth part of the wall" (Solomon's temple doorframe)

6. Fasting Calendar — "The Fast of the Fifth Month"¶

Zec 7:3, 5 — "Should I weep in the fifth month...?" / "When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months"
Zec 8:19 — "the fast of the fifth... shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness"

The fifth-month fast commemorated the destruction of the temple (2 Ki 25:8).

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
שָׁנֶה (shaneh)	H8141	15x (34%)	"in the fifth year" — dating formula
עַל (al)	H5921	14x (32%)	"shall add... thereto" — restitution formula
חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh)	H2320	12x (27%)	"in the fifth month" — chronological
בֵּן (ben)	H1121	11x (25%)	"the son of..." — genealogical context
יָסַף (yasaph)	H3254	10x (23%)	"shall add the fifth part" — restitution verb
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	9x (20%)	"in the Nth year of king X" — regnal dating
רְבִיעִי (rebiyiy)	H7243	7x (16%)	"the fourth... the fifth" — ordinal enumeration
גָּאַל (gaal)	H1350	5x (11%)	"if he will redeem it, add the fifth" — Lev 27

The yasaph + chamiyshiy collocation ("add the fifth part") is the distinctive restitution formula, appearing in Lev 5:16, 6:5, 22:14, 27:13/15/19/27/31, and Num 5:7.

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2568 חָמֵשׁ (chamesh) — cardinal number "five" (343 occurrences)
H2572 חֲמִשִּׁים (chamishiym) — "fifty"
H2571 חָמֻשׁ (chamush) — "armed, in battle array" (possibly from organizing by fifties)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
חֹמֶשׁ (chomesh)	H2570	KJV "fifth (rib)"	H2570 = "abdomen/belly" (anatomical, from unused root "be stout"); only 4v, all referring to being stabbed in the belly (2 Sam 2:23, 3:27, 4:6, 20:10). Not related to the number five.
חָמֵשׁ (chamesh)	H2568	KJV "fifth" (rare)	H2568 = cardinal "five" (343v); occasionally rendered "fifth" in KJV but is not the ordinal form. Chamiyshiy is the proper ordinal.
πέμπτος (pemptos)	G3991	KJV "fifth"	Greek ordinal equivalent used in NT (4v, all Revelation). Not etymologically related.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
πέμπτος (pemptos) G3991	33x	30.54	Primary equivalent — ordinal "fifth"
μήν (men) G3376	10x	13.15	"month" — co-occurs in "fifth month" phrases
προστίθημι (prostithemi) G4369	9x	9.92	"add to" — translates the restitution verb yasaph in fifth-part contexts
λυτρόω (lytroo) G3084	5x	8.88	"redeem" — translates gaal in Lev 27 redemption contexts

The LXX renders chamiyshiy as πέμπτος with high fidelity (33 of ~44 OT occurrences). The other co-occurring Greek words reflect the chronological and legal contexts in which chamiyshiy appears rather than alternative translations of the word itself.