TR: pathach → anoigo (Opening)

The Chain

Hebrew OT          LXX (Greek OT)         Greek NT
───────────        ───────────────         ────────
פָּתַח (pathach)  →  ἀνοίγω (anoigo)     →  ἀνοίγω (anoigo)
H6605, 133x         85x as translation      75 verses in NT
"open wide"         of pathach              "to open"

OT Usage (Hebrew)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H6605	פָּתַח (pathach)	133	open wide (literally or figuratively)
H6607	פֶּתַח (pethach)	—	opening, doorway, entrance (related noun)
H6601	פָּתָה (pathah)	—	to entice, deceive, be simple (same root family)

Key OT passages: - Gen 7:11 — "the windows of heaven were opened" (the flood) - Num 16:32 — "the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up" (Korah's rebellion) - Isa 22:22 — "he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open" (key of David) - Psa 78:23 — "he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven"

Library: TODO(need H6605 study)

LXX Bridge

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
pathach (H6605)	ἀνοίγω (G455)	85x	31.1	Primary equivalent — dominant rendering
pathach (H6605)	λύω (G3089)	8x	14.0	"To loose" — when opening = releasing
pathach (H6605)	κλείω (G2808)	7x	12.9	Antonym used in negated contexts
pathach (H6605)	διανοίγω (G1272)	7x	11.0	Intensified form — opening thoroughly

Semantic continuity: The LXX consistently renders pathach with anoigo (85 of ~133 OT occurrences). The mapping is remarkably stable — same word, same range of objects (doors, eyes, mouths, heaven, earth). The Greek preserves the full semantic breadth of the Hebrew without narrowing.

NT Usage (Greek)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G455	ἀνοίγω (anoigo)	75 verses	to open (literally or figuratively)
G1272	διανοίγω (dianoigo)	8	to open thoroughly — understanding, womb, scriptures
G457	ἄνοιξις (anoixis)	1	an opening (noun, Eph 6:19)

Key NT passages: - Rev 5:2-5 — "Who is worthy to open the book?" (the sealed scroll in heaven) - Rev 6:1 — "the Lamb opened one of the seals" (beginning the seal sequence) - Rev 3:7 — "he that openeth, and no man shutteth" (echoing Isa 22:22) - Mat 3:16 — "the heavens were opened unto him" (Jesus' baptism)

Library: G455-anoigo.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations and Allusions

NT Verse	Echoes OT	Shared Pattern	Significance
Rev 3:7	Isa 22:22	"openeth and no man shutteth"	Key of David transferred from Eliakim to Christ; same pathach/anoigo vocabulary
Act 8:32	Isa 53:7	"opened he not his mouth"	The Suffering Servant — silence before slaughter
Mat 13:35	Psa 78:2	"I will open my mouth in parables"	Opening the mouth for authoritative instruction
Rev 11:19	—	"temple of God was opened in heaven"	Echoes OT pattern of God opening heaven's doors (Psa 78:23)
Mat 27:52	—	"the graves were opened"	Echoes Num 16:32 pattern of earth opening, but reversed: not judgment, but resurrection

Continuity and Shifts

What stays the same across testaments: - The core semantic range is preserved: pathach and anoigo both cover physical opening (doors, gates, eyes, mouths, earth) and metaphorical opening (access, revelation, opportunity) - The "heaven opened" pattern runs from Gen 7:11 through the prophets into the Gospels and Revelation - The "open/shut" antonym pair (pathach/sagar → anoigo/kleio) remains stable

What shifts: - The NT dramatically expands the "opening sealed documents" category: pathach is never used for opening scrolls/seals in the OT, but anoigo dominates Revelation's seal-opening sequence (25 of 75 NT verses are in Revelation) - The "door of opportunity" metaphor (1Co 16:9, 2Co 2:12, Col 4:3) has no close OT parallel with pathach - Isaiah 22:22 (key of David) becomes christologically loaded in Rev 3:7, transferring the authority to open and shut from a human steward to Christ

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Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-04-15