TR: mizrâq → phiálē (Sanctuary Bowl / Judgment Vial)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
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מִזְרָק (mizrâq) → φιάλη (phiálē) → φιάλη (phiálē)
H4219, 32x in OT 28x as translation 12x in NT
"bowl for sprinkling" of mizrâq (PMI 31.39) "vial, bowl"
OT Usage (Hebrew — H4219 mizrâq)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H4219 | מִזְרָק (mizrâq) | 32 | a bowl for sprinkling; bason, bowl |
From the root זָרַק (zaraq, H2236) — to sprinkle, scatter (as of blood). The mizrâq is the vessel that receives blood or liquid for ritual sprinkling.
Key OT passages: - Exo 27:3 — "his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons (mizrâq), and his fleshhooks" — listed among bronze altar furnishings - 1 Ki 7:40, 45 — Hiram made the lavers, shovels, and basons (mizrâq) for Solomon's Temple — cast bronze, set at the altar - Num 4:14 — The sanctuary basons were covered when the Levites transported the Tabernacle - Zec 9:15 — "they shall be filled like bowls (mizrâq), and as the corners of the altar" — eschatological imagery of overflowing
KJV translation distribution (H4219):
| KJV Translation | Count |
|---|---|
| bowl / bowls | 16 |
| bason / basons | 13 |
| other | 3 |
H4219-mizraq.md — TODO (canonical word study not yet created)
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| mizrâq (H4219) | φιάλη (G5357) | 28x | Primary — the standard LXX rendering of the sanctuary bowl |
| mizrâq (H4219) | τρύβλιον (G5165) | 15x | Alternate — a plate/dish |
| mizrâq (H4219) | ἀργύρεος (G693) | 17x | "silver" — describes the bowl's material rather than translating the noun directly |
Semantic continuity: The LXX translators chose φιάλη — a broad, shallow cup — as the precise functional equivalent for the Hebrew sanctuary bowl (mizrâq). Both words describe a wide, open vessel specifically used for holding and pouring liquids in a ritual setting. The form is stable across the translation.
LXX examples: - Num 7:13 — Each tribal prince brings one silver mizrâq (LXX: φιάλη) as an offering at the dedication of the Tabernacle altar — repeated 12 times through the chapter - 1 Ki 7:40 — The bronze basons (mizrâq / φιάλη) of the Temple service - Amos 6:6 — "That drink wine in bowls (mizrâq / φιάλη)" — used here of luxurious excess, implying these large Temple vessels
NT Usage (Greek — G5357 phiálē)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G5357 | φιάλη (phiálē) | 12 | broad shallow cup, vial, bowl |
All 12 NT occurrences are in Revelation. The word retains its LXX sense of a wide ritual bowl.
Key NT passages: - Rev 5:8 — "the four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them... golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints" — the first appearance: heavenly worship, vials = prayers - Rev 15:7 — "one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials full of the wrath of God" — same golden sanctuary bowl, now containing wrath - Rev 16:1–17 — Six times: "poured out his vial upon the earth / sea / rivers / sun / seat of the beast / Euphrates / air" — each pouring releases a plague
G5357-phiale.md — canonical word study
Direct OT→NT Connections¶
| NT Verse | OT Echo | Shared Vessel | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rev 5:8 | Num 7:13ff | golden mizrâq / golden phiálē | NT heavenly elders hold the same golden bowls used at Tabernacle dedication — a deliberate sanctuary correspondence |
| Rev 15:7 | Exo 27:3; 1 Ki 7:40 | altar basons / vials full of wrath | The altar-service bowl becomes the vessel of final judgment — the same vessel that received sacrificial blood now holds divine wrath |
| Rev 16:1ff | Lev 14:7 (sprinkling rites) | mizrâq used for sprinkling → phiálē poured out | The pouring-out action matches the OT sprinkling/pouring function of the mizrâq |
| Rev 17:1; 21:9 | — | — | The same angels who poured out judgment now reveal visions — the vials identify them |
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The vessel type: a wide, shallow bowl used for ritual pouring — exactly the shape and function the LXX preserved - The sanctuary setting: OT mizrâq lived at the altar and Tabernacle; NT phiálē comes from the heavenly temple (Rev 15:8 — "the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God") - The golden material: OT "golden bowls" (Num 7:84–86); NT "seven golden vials" (Rev 15:7) - The act: sprinkling/pouring out — the core ritual function of the mizrâq becomes the climactic action in Revelation
What shifts: - Content shifts from blood (OT altar, sacrificial rite) → incense/prayers (Rev 5:8) → divine wrath (Rev 15:7; 16:1ff); the vessel is the same, what fills it changes - Scale: OT mizrâq contained a finite offering; NT phiálē contains the full wrath of God who "liveth for ever and ever" (Rev 15:7) - Direction: OT sprinkling was toward the altar/curtain/priest; NT pouring is toward the earth, sea, and sky — outward cosmic judgment
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-04-01