G3961 — πατέω (patéō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G3961
Original: πατέω
Transliteration: patéō
Pronunciation: pat-eh'-o
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: from a derivative probably of a root meaning "a path"; to trample
Occurrences: 5 in NT (5 unique verses)
Books: 2 (Luke, Revelation)
First Occurrence: Luk 10:19 — "Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions..."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

-o; from a derivative probably of (meaning a "path"); to trample

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain 015.029: Walk, Step — linear movement by foot
Other words in subdomain: ἐμβαίνω (G1684), περιπατέω (G4043), προσκόπτω (G4350)
Domain 019.005: Press — exert force downward
Other words: καταπατέω (G2662), θλίβω (G2346), πιέζω (G4085)
Domain 039.012: Conquer — overcome by force
Other words: νικάω (G3528), κατακυριεύω (G2634), συντρίβω (G4937)

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[015] Linear Movement
[019] Physical Impact
[020] Violence, Harm, Destroy, Kill
[039] Hostility, Strife

UBS broadens the profile beyond simple locomotion: πατέω can describe walking, crushing impact, destructive force, and hostile trampling.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

All 5 occurrences translate to tread/trample variants:

Translation	Count	%
tread / to tread	1	20%
treadeth	1	20%
trodden down	1	20%
was trodden	1	20%
shall tread under foot	1	20%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Revelation	3	0.7
Luke	2	0.2

Revelation accounts for 60% of occurrences (3 of 5), with two of those in eschatological judgment contexts (winepress). All NT occurrences are in the Gospels/Revelation — the word does not appear in the epistles.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Authority over Enemies / Spiritual Dominion¶

Jesus grants his disciples power to tread on hostile creatures as a sign of delegated authority over evil.

Luk 10:19 — "Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall by any means hurt you."

2. Trampling of the Holy City by the Gentiles¶

Jerusalem trodden down during a defined period, framed by "the times of the Gentiles."

Luk 21:24 — "And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled."
Rev 11:2 — "But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty [and] two months."

3. Winepress of Divine Judgment¶

Treading the winepress is a vivid image of God's wrath being executed; the word carries the full weight of judgment.

Rev 14:20 — "And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand [and] six hundred furlongs."
Rev 19:15 — "...and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἔθνος (éthnos)	G1484	3x (60%)	"trodden down of the Gentiles"; Gentiles do the treading or are the subject of judgment
ληνός (lēnós)	G3025	2x (40%)	"the winepress was trodden / treadeth the winepress"
ἄχρι (áchri)	G0891	2x (40%)	"trodden down…until the times be fulfilled"
πόλις (pólis)	G4172	2x (40%)	"without the city" / "the holy city"
στόμα (stóma)	G4750	2x (40%)	"out of his mouth…he treadeth" (Rev 19:15 context)
δίδωμι (dídōmi)	G1325	2x (40%)	"I give you power to tread" / "it is given unto the Gentiles"

Word Family / Cognates¶

G2662 καταπατέω (katapatéō) — compound: κατά + πατέω; intensive form meaning to trample down utterly, stamp underfoot (Matt 5:13; 7:6; Luke 8:5; Heb 10:29)

Synonyms¶

No direct curated synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G3961.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G3961.

Domain Neighbors (Conquer — 039.012)¶

Word	Strong's	Total vv	Primary KJV
νικάω (nikáō)	G3528	28	overcometh
κατακυριεύω (katakyrieúō)	G2634	4	exercise dominion
συντρίβω (syntríbō)	G4937	7	break / bruise

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Usage	Key Difference
καταπατέω (katapatéō)	G2662	both = trample	katapateō is always intensive/contemptuous (Matt 7:6 "cast pearls before swine lest they trample them"); patéō is broader, including winepress and holy city contexts

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
דָּרַךְ (dârak)	H1869	8	7.59	primary; to tread, bend (a bow), march
גַּת (gath)	H1660	3	9.73	winepress (place of treading)
יֶקֶב (yeqeb)	H3342	3	8.05	wine vat; the trough
רֶגֶל (regel)	H7272	3	4.29	foot; the instrument of treading

Primary Hebrew background is H1869 dârak (to tread/march), especially in prophetic contexts of treading the winepress (Isa 63:2–3; Joel 3:13). PMI score of 7.59 at 8 co-occurrences — strong association but below the 20-occurrence threshold for a formal cross-testament trace.