G1763 — ἐνιαυτός (eniautos)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G1763
Original: ἐνιαυτός
Transliteration: eniautos
Pronunciation: en-ee-ow-tos
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: From ἔνος (enos) — a year
Occurrences: 14 verses in NT (7 books)
First Occurrence: Luke 4:19 — "To preach the acceptable year of the Lord"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Prolongation from a primary ἔνος (enos, "a year"); a year. Distinguished from ἔτος (etos, G2094) by carrying cyclical, liturgical, or annual-recurrence emphasis rather than simple duration.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 67 — Time
Subdomain: 67.009 — Definite Units of Time: Year, Month, Week, Day, Hour
Other words in subdomain: διετία (G1333, two-year span), ἔτος (G2094, year), μήν (G3376, month), ἡμέρα (G2250, day), ὥρα (G5610, hour)

Domain Neighbors (67.009)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Total Verses	Primary KJV Translation
G2094	ἔτος	46	years, years old
G3376	μήν	18	month, months
G1333	διετία	3	two, two years
G2073	ἑσπέρα	3	evening, eventide
G1332	διετής	1	two years old
G1541	ἑκατονταετής	1	an hundred years old

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
year	8	57.1%
a year	2	14.3%
years	2	14.3%
every year	1	7.1%
year by year	1	7.1%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hebrews	4	1.3
James	2	1.9
John	3	0.3
Acts	2	0.2
Luke	1	0.1
Galatians	1	0.7
Revelation	1	0.2

Pattern: Heavy concentration in Hebrews (4 of 14 uses, all in chapters 9–10 discussing Day of Atonement ritual). John's 3 uses all concern Caiaphas "that year." The word appears in Revelation 9:15 in the prophetic time sequence "hour, day, month, year."

Semantic Categories¶

1. Liturgical/Ritual Annual Cycle¶

The dominant NT usage — annual repetition of religious observances.

Heb 9:7 — "But into the second [went] the high priest alone once every year (eniautos), not without blood"
Heb 9:25 — "as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year (eniautos) with blood of others"
Heb 10:1 — "those sacrifices which they offered year by year (eniautos) continually"
Heb 10:3 — "in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year (eniautos)"

2. Prophetic/Messianic Year¶

"The acceptable year of the Lord" — the jubilee concept applied eschatologically.

Luke 4:19 — "To preach the acceptable year (eniautos) of the Lord" (quoting Isa 61:2)

3. Designating a Specific Calendar Year¶

Identifying a particular year by official position.

John 11:49 — "Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year (eniautos)"
John 11:51 — "being high priest that year (eniautos), he prophesied"
John 18:13 — "Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year (eniautos)"

4. Duration of Activity or Waiting¶

A period of one year marking a span of activity.

Acts 11:26 — "a whole year (eniautos) they assembled themselves with the church"
Acts 18:11 — "he continued [there] a year (eniautos) and six months"
James 4:13 — "continue there a year (eniautos), and buy and sell"
James 5:17 — "it rained not on the earth by the space of three years (eniautos) and six months"

5. Prophetic Time Unit¶

Part of a prophetic time sequence.

Rev 9:15 — "prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year (eniautos), for to slay the third part of men"
Gal 4:10 — "Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years (eniautos)"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἀρχιερεύς (high priest)	G749	5 (36%)	"high priest that year" / "every year with blood"
μήν (month)	G3376	4 (29%)	Time sequences: "month and year"
προσφέρω (offer)	G4374	3 (21%)	"sacrifices offered year by year"
αἷμα (blood)	G129	2 (14%)	"once every year with blood"
ἡμέρα (day)	G2250	2 (14%)	Time sequences: "day, month, year"
Καϊάφας (Caiaphas)	G2533	2 (14%)	"Caiaphas... that year"

Synonyms (Time-Unit Words)¶

Word	Strong's	Distinction
ἔτος (etos)	G2094	Generic countable year — ages, reigns, durations. Eniautos adds cyclical/recurrent nuance.
αἰών (aion)	G165	Age, era, indefinite long period. Not calendar-based like eniautos.
καιρός (kairos)	G2540	Appointed time, season, opportune moment. Not a year-length unit.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἔτος (etos)	G2094	"year"	Etos = simple counting/duration (46 NT verses); eniautos = annual cycle/recurrence (14 verses). LXX translators used eniautos for sabbatical/jubilee/feast-year contexts.
πέρυσι (perysi)	G4070	"a year"	Perysi = "last year" / "a year ago" (adverb, 2 verses); eniautos = the noun "year"

Hebrew Source (via LXX)¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
שָׁנָה (shaneh)	H8141	99	23.56	Primary — esp. liturgical/jubilee contexts
יוֹבֵל (yobel)	H3104	10	15.63	Jubilee year — eniautos carries this concept
חַג (chag)	H2282	8	10.99	Festival — feast-year associations
חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh)	H2320	11	8.55	Month — often paired with year

LXX translation pattern: When Hebrew שָׁנָה (shaneh) carries liturgical, sabbatical, or jubilee overtones, the LXX often renders it as ἐνιαυτός (eniautos) rather than ἔτος (etos). This explains why NT authors use eniautos in Hebrews 9–10 for Day of Atonement annual cycles and in Luke 4:19 for the "acceptable year" (quoting Isa 61:2, where the LXX has eniautos).