TR: ʼeben → lithos (Stone)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT             LXX / Greek OT        Greek NT
──────────────        ───────────────       ─────────────
אֶבֶן (ʼeben)      →  λίθος (lithos)     →  λίθος (lithos)
H68, 239v             LXX co-occ: 195x      55v in NT
"stone"               PMI score: 33.54

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H68	אֶבֶן (ʼeben)	239 unique verses	stone; physical material, gem, tablet, memorial, weight, or stoning instrument

Key OT passages: - Gen 2:12 — onyx stone. - Exod 24:12 — tables of stone. - Josh 4:6-7 — memorial stones from Jordan. - 1 Kgs 5:17 — costly stones for temple construction. - Zech 4:7 — headstone brought forth.

[H68-eben canonical study: H68-eben.md]

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
H68 ʼeben	λίθος (lithos) G3037	195	33.54	Primary stone equivalent
H68 ʼeben	λίθινος (lithinos) G3035	17	17.98	made of stone
H68 ʼeben	λιθοβολέω (lithoboleo) G3036	17	17.13	stone / throw stones
H68 ʼeben	τίμιος (timios) G5093	15	15.01	precious/costly stone contexts
H68 ʼeben	πλάξ (plax) G4109	11	13.90	tablet/plate contexts

The bridge to λίθος is dominant. Secondary Greek words preserve sub-senses: stone material, stoning action, precious-stone value, and tablets.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G3037	λίθος (lithos)	55 unique verses	stone

Key NT passages: - Matt 3:9 — God can raise children from stones. - Matt 21:42 — rejected stone becomes head of the corner. - John 8:7 — stones in attempted execution context. - 1 Cor 3:12 — precious stones as building material. - Rev 21:19 — foundation stones adorned with precious stones.

[G3037-lithos canonical study: TODO(need G3037 study)]

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays stable: The physical stone sense is direct. Memorial, construction, precious-stone, and stoning contexts all bridge naturally into Greek.

What shifts: NT usage gives special concentration to cornerstone/stumbling-stone texts and eschatological precious-stone imagery, while OT usage is wider and includes weights, covenant tablets, and memorial stones.