TR: shiqquwts → bdelygma (Abomination/Desolation)

The Chain

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────           ────────
שִׁקּוּץ (shiqquwts) →  βδέλυγμα (bdelygma)  →   βδέλυγμα (bdelygma)
H8251, 29x              20x as translation        6x in NT
"detestable idol"       of shiqquwts              "abomination"

OT Usage (Hebrew)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H8251	שִׁקּוּץ (shiqquwts)	29	detestable thing, idol, abomination
H8441	תּוֹעֵבַה (to'ebah)	117	abomination (broader term — moral, social, ritual)
H8263	שֶׁקֶץ (sheqets)	11	detestable creature (Levitical dietary context)

Key OT passages: - Dan 11:31 — "they shall place the abomination (shiqquwts) that maketh desolate" - Dan 12:11 — "the abomination (shiqquwts) that maketh desolate set up" - 1 Ki 11:5 — "Milcom the abomination (shiqquwts) of the Ammonites"

Library entry: H8251-shiqquwts.md

LXX Bridge

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	Notes
shiqquwts (H8251)	βδέλυγμα (G946)	20x	Primary equivalent for shiqquwts
to'ebah (H8441)	βδέλυγμα (G946)	66x	Primary equivalent for to'ebah also
sheqets (H8263)	βδέλυγμα (G946)	11x	Dietary/ritual abominations

Semantic narrowing in translation: The LXX collapses three distinct Hebrew terms — shiqquwts (idolatrous disgust), to'ebah (moral/ritual abomination), and sheqets (ritual uncleanness) — into the single Greek βδέλυγμα. In the NT, bdelygma carries the combined force of all three, though its Daniel quotations specifically echo shiqquwts.

NT Usage (Greek)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G946	βδέλυγμα (bdelygma)	6	abomination, detestable thing
G948	βδελύσσω (bdelysso)	2	to abhor, detest (cognate verb)
G947	βδελυκτός (bdelyktos)	1	abominable, detestable (cognate adj.)

Key NT passages: - Matt 24:15 — "When ye therefore shall see the abomination (bdelygma) of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place" - Mark 13:14 — "when ye shall see the abomination (bdelygma) of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet" - Luke 16:15 — "that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination (bdelygma) in the sight of God" - Rev 17:4 — "a golden cup in her hand full of abominations (bdelygma) and filthiness of her fornication" - Rev 21:27 — "there shall in no wise enter into it any thing... whatsoever worketh abomination (bdelygma)"

Library entry: G946-bdelygma.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Matt 24:15	Dan 11:31; 12:11	shiqquwts → bdelygma	Jesus explicitly cites Daniel's "abomination of desolation" (shiqquts meshomem → bdelygma tēs erēmōseōs)
Mark 13:14	Dan 11:31; 12:11	shiqquwts → bdelygma	Parallel account of the same quotation

Continuity and Shifts

What stays the same across testaments: - The core association with idolatry and desecration of sacred space persists: Dan 11:31 (polluting the sanctuary) → Matt 24:15 (standing in the holy place) - The pairing with desolation (שָׁמֵם shamem → ἐρήμωσις erēmōsis) is preserved intact across the bridge

What shifts: - In the OT, shiqquwts names specific pagan deities (Milcom, Chemosh, Molech) and their physical images; in the NT, bdelygma is never attached to named deities but functions as eschatological sign-language (Matt 24, Mark 13) or moral/spiritual metaphor (Luke 16:15, Rev 17:4) - Revelation expands bdelygma beyond cult objects to characterize an entire system ("Babylon") and its moral corruption — a broader application than the concrete idol-referent of shiqquwts

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