H2555 — חָמָס (chamas)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2555
Original: חָמָס
Transliteration: châmâç (chamas)
Pronunciation: khaw-mawce
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: From H2554 חָמַס (chamas), to be violent / maltreat
Occurrences: 59 unique verses (61 tokens)
Books: 20
First Occurrence: Gen 6:11 — "the earth was filled with violence"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H2554; violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain: cruelty, damage, false, injustice, oppressor, unrighteous, violence, violent dealing, wrong.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
violence / Violence	16	27.1%
violent / violent dealing	7	11.9%
of / with / for / because of violence	12	20.3%
cruelty / cruel	4	6.8%
wrong / injustice / unrighteous / false	7	11.9%
other phrases	13	22.0%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Habakkuk	5	8.9
Obadiah	1	4.8
Jonah	1	2.1
Zephaniah	1	1.9
Malachi	1	1.8
Amos	2	1.4
Joel	1	1.4
Micah	1	1.0
Proverbs	7	0.8
Psalms	14	0.6
Ezekiel	6	0.5
Genesis	4	0.3
2 Samuel	2	0.3
Jeremiah	4	0.3
Judges	1	0.2
Job	2	0.2
Isaiah	3	0.2
Exodus	1	0.1
Deuteronomy	1	0.1
1 Chronicles	1	0.1

Habakkuk has the highest density, while Psalms has the largest raw count. Ezekiel has six occurrences, including Eze 28:16.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Violence Filling Land, Earth, City, or Community¶

Gen 6:11 — "the earth was filled with violence"
Gen 6:13 — "the earth is filled with violence through them"
Eze 7:23 — "the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city is full of violence"
Eze 8:17 — "they have filled the land with violence"

2. Violent Persons or Oppressors¶

Psa 18:48 — "delivered me from the violent man"
Psa 140:1 — "preserve me from the violent man"
Pro 3:31 — "Envy thou not the oppressor"
Pro 16:29 — "A violent man enticeth his neighbour"

3. Violence Paired with Spoil, Robbery, or Blood¶

Jer 6:7 — "violence and spoil is heard in her"
Amos 3:10 — "who store up violence and robbery in their palaces"
Hab 2:8 — "because of men's blood, and for the violence of the land"
Hab 2:17 — "the violence of Lebanon shall cover thee"

4. False Witness, Wrong, or Injustice¶

Exo 23:1 — "put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness"
Deu 19:16 — "If a false witness rise up against any man"
Job 16:17 — "Not for any injustice in mine hands"
Job 19:7 — "I cry out of wrong, but I am not heard"

5. Violence as a Habit, Garment, or Consumption Image¶

Pro 4:17 — "drink the wine of violence"
Pro 10:6 — "violence covereth the mouth of the wicked"
Psa 73:6 — "violence covereth them as a garment"
Mal 2:16 — "one covereth violence with his garment"

6. Violence Done Against a Target Group¶

Jer 51:35 — "The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon"
Joel 3:19 — "for the violence against the children of Judah"
Obad 1:10 — "For thy violence against thy brother Jacob"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
אֶרֶץ (erets)	H776	13x	Violence filling or affecting land / earth
מָלֵא (male)	H4390	8x	"filled with violence" formula
יְהוָה (YHWH)	H3068	8x	Violence evaluated in prophetic / prayer contexts
אֱלֹהִים (elohim)	H430	7x	Genesis flood and legal / divine-reference contexts
דָּם (dam)	H1818	7x	Violence associated with bloodshed
כָּסָה (kasah)	H3680	7x	Violence covering mouth, body, or garment imagery
שֹׁד (shod)	H7701	7x	Violence paired with spoil / destruction
רָשָׁע (rasha)	H7563	6x	Wicked persons in violence contexts

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2554 חָמַס (chamas) — to be violent, maltreat, do violence, wrong.

Synonyms¶

H205 אָוֶן (aven) — trouble, wickedness, iniquity.
H898 בָּגַד (bagad) — act treacherously.
H5766 עֶוֶל (evel) — injustice / wrong.
H7451 רַע (ra) — evil / bad.
H7562 רֶשַׁע (resha) — wickedness.
H7699 שֹׁד (shod) — spoil, devastation, violence.
H8441 תּוֹעֵבָה (toebah) — abomination.

Semantic Domains¶

Domain	Label	Neighbor Examples
002001002009	Ferocious	H2554 chamas, H6184 arits, H7451 ra
002001003020	Wrong	H205 aven, H5766 evel and related wrong terms
002003003022	Unsafe	H205 aven, H611 ason and danger terms
002001001024	Impact	H816 asham and damage / impact terms

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
חָמַס (chamas)	H2554	violence	H2554 is the verb "do violence / maltreat"; H2555 is the noun "violence / wrong"
מְרֻצָה (merutsah)	H4835	violence	merutsah is rare oppression / violence vocabulary; chamas is the broad noun across 59 verses
βία (bia)	G970	violence	Greek NT word for force / violence; not the Hebrew noun but shares English gloss

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI	Notes
ἀδικία (adikia) G93	15	5.14	Injustice / wrong; strongest count bridge
ἀσέβεια (asebeia) G763	12	6.22	Impiety / ungodliness
ἄδικος (adikos) G94	11	5.79	Unjust / unrighteous
ταλαιπωρία (talaiporia) G5004	8	6.94	Calamity / misery
ἀνομία (anomia) G458	8	4.07	Lawlessness / iniquity

No cross-testament trace was created: no single LXX bridge reached the skill threshold of 20 co-occurrences.