WG: Hope¶
Overview¶
The hope concept in the NT involves 7 Greek words working together — a core noun-verb pair (elpis/elpizō), their compound forms (proelpizō), closely associated attitudes (pistis, hupomone), and specific modes of expectation (apekdechomai, apokaradokia).
Word Group Members¶
| Strong's | Word | Transliteration | POS | Occurrences | Role in Concept | Library Entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1680 | ἐλπίς | elpis | fem. noun | 48 | The state/object (hope itself) | G1680-elpis.md |
| G1679 | ἐλπίζω | elpizō | verb | 31 | The action (to hope) | TODO(need G1679 study) |
| G4276 | προελπίζω | proelpizō | verb | 1 | Prior hope (hoped beforehand) | TODO(need G4276 study) |
| G4102 | πίστις | pistis | fem. noun | 228 | Companion virtue (faith) | G4102-pistis.md |
| G5281 | ὑπομονή | hupomone | fem. noun | 31 | Companion virtue (patient endurance) | G5281-hupomone.md |
| G553 | ἀπεκδέχομαι | apekdechomai | verb | 7 | Mode of expectation (to await eagerly) | TODO(need G553 study) |
| G603 | ἀποκαραδοκία | apokaradokia | fem. noun | 2 | Intensity of expectation (earnest expectation) | TODO(need G603 study) |
Relationships¶
Word Family (elpō root)¶
- elpis (G1680), elpizō (G1679), proelpizō (G4276) — all from primary elpō "to anticipate"
Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶
| Word A | Word B | Shared Verses | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| elpis (G1680) | pistis (G4102) | 8 | Faith-hope pairing: Rom 5:2, 1 Cor 13:13, 1 Thess 1:3 |
| pistis (G4102) | hupomone (G5281) | 9 | Faith producing endurance: 1 Thess 1:3, Heb 6:12 |
| elpis (G1680) | hupomone (G5281) | 3 | Hope requiring patience: Rom 5:4, 15:4 |
| elpis (G1680) | elpizō (G1679) | 2 | Noun + verb together: Acts 26:7, Rom 8:24 |
| elpis (G1680) | apekdechomai (G553) | 1 | Eager waiting for hoped-for thing: Gal 5:5 |
| elpis (G1680) | apokaradokia (G603) | 1 | Earnest expectation of hope: Phil 1:20 |
| elpizō (G1679) | apekdechomai (G553) | 1 | Hoping and waiting together: Rom 8:25 |
| apokaradokia (G603) | apekdechomai (G553) | 1 | Earnest expectation + eager waiting: Rom 8:19 |
Shared Hebrew Source¶
- H982 batach (בָּטַח) — bridges elpis (G1680, 8 co-occ) and elpizō (G1679, 45 co-occ) in LXX, showing the OT trust/security concept feeds both the noun and verb forms of NT hope.
Roles in the Concept¶
- State/Object: elpis (G1680) — the hope itself, whether abstract confidence or the concrete thing hoped for
- Action: elpizō (G1679) — the act of hoping, trusting, expecting
- Prior Hope: proelpizō (G4276) — having hoped in advance (Eph 1:12, Jewish believers who hoped before Gentiles believed)
- Companion Virtue (present): pistis (G4102) — faith directed at present reality; the triad partner
- Companion Virtue (sustaining): hupomone (G5281) — patient endurance that sustains hope through tribulation (Rom 5:3-4 chain)
- Mode of Waiting: apekdechomai (G553) — eager, full expectation (Rom 8:19, 23, 25; Gal 5:5)
- Intensity of Expectation: apokaradokia (G603) — literally "stretching the head forward" in anticipation (Rom 8:19, Phil 1:20)
Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together¶
- Rom 8:24-25 — [elpis + elpizō + apekdechomai + hupomone] "For we are saved by hope (elpis): but hope (elpis) that is seen is not hope (elpis): for what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for (elpizō)? But if we hope for (elpizō) that we see not, then do we with patience (hupomone) wait for (apekdechomai) it."
- Gal 5:5 — [elpis + pistis + apekdechomai] "For we through the Spirit wait for (apekdechomai) the hope (elpis) of righteousness by faith (pistis)."
- 1 Thess 1:3 — [elpis + pistis + hupomone] "Your work of faith (pistis), and labour of love, and patience (hupomone) of hope (elpis) in our Lord Jesus Christ."
- Heb 11:1 — [pistis + elpizō] "Now faith (pistis) is the substance of things hoped for (elpizō), the evidence of things not seen."
Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py, search_strongs.py, louw_nida.db Last updated: 2026-05-14