G4051 — περίσσευμα (perisseuma)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G4051
Original: περίσσευμα
Transliteration: perisseuma
Pronunciation: per-is'-syoo-mah
Part of Speech: Neuter noun
Root: From περισσεύω (perisseuō, G4052) — to superabound
Occurrences: 4 unique verses (5 tokens)
First Occurrence: Matt 12:34 — "for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From G4052; a surplus, or superabundance: — abundance, that was left.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 059 — Quantity
Subdomain: 059.006 — Abundance, Excess, Sparing
Other words in subdomain: περισσεία (perisseia, G4050), περισσεύω (perisseuō, G4052), περισσός (perissos, G4053), πλεονάζω (pleonazō, G4121), πλούσιος (plousios, G4145), πλουσίως (plousiōs, G4146)

Domain Neighbors (059.006)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Total Vv	Primary KJV
G100	ἁδρότης (hadrotēs)	1	abundance
G1632	ἐκχέω (ekcheō)	13	poured out, is shed
G2129	εὐλογία (eulogia)	9	blessing
G4050	περισσεία (perisseia)	4	abundance, abundantly
G4052	περισσεύω (perisseuō)	10	abound, abundance
G4053	περισσός (perissos)	6	more, more abundant
G4121	πλεονάζω (pleonazō)	3	abound, abounded
G4145	πλούσιος (plousios)	18	rich
G4146	πλουσίως (plousiōs)	4	abundantly, richly
G4147	πλουτέω (plouteō)	4	were made rich

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
abundance	3	75%
that was left	1	25%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
2 Corinthians	1	0.4
Matthew	1	0.1
Luke	1	0.1
Mark	1	0.1

Evenly distributed across the Synoptic Gospels and Paul. The Synoptic uses come from two parallel traditions (heart-overflow and feeding miracle), while Paul applies the word to material generosity.

Morphological Forms¶

Reference	Form	Parsing
Matt 12:34	περισσεύματος	Genitive Singular Neuter
Mark 8:8	περισσεύματα	Accusative Plural Neuter
Luke 6:45	περισσεύματος	Genitive Singular Neuter
2 Cor 8:14	περίσσευμα	Nominative Singular Neuter (2x)

Three of the five tokens appear in the genitive ("of the abundance"), reflecting an "out of" source construction. The plural appears only in Mark 8:8 for physical leftovers.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Inner Overflow — What Fills the Heart Spills Out¶

Matt 12:34 — "for out of the abundance (perisseumatōs) of the heart the mouth speaketh"
Luke 6:45 — "for of the abundance (perisseumatōs) of the heart his mouth speaketh"

Both Synoptic sayings use the genitive construction ek tou perisseumatos tēs kardias — the surplus stored in the heart is what overflows into speech. The word here is metaphorical: the heart is a container, and perisseuma is what exceeds its capacity.

2. Physical Surplus — Leftover Food¶

Mark 8:8 — "they took up of the broken meat that was left (perisseumata) seven baskets"

The only plural occurrence. After the feeding of the 4,000, the surplus fragments are collected — concrete, countable leftovers. This is the most literal use.

3. Material Abundance — Financial Surplus for Mutual Supply¶

2 Cor 8:14 — "that now at this time your abundance (perisseuma) may be a supply for their want, that their abundance (perisseuma) also may be a supply for your want: that there may be equality"

Paul uses perisseuma twice in a single verse to describe reciprocal economic surplus. The Corinthians' current material surplus supplies Jerusalem's deficit; Jerusalem's (presumably spiritual) surplus supplies what the Corinthians lack. The word carries the sense of "what you have beyond your own need."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
καρδία (kardia)	G2588	2x (50%)	"out of the abundance of the heart"
ἀγαθός (agathos)	G18	2x (50%)	good man / good treasure context
πονηρός (ponēros)	G4190	2x (50%)	evil man / evil treasure contrast
στόμα (stoma)	G4750	2x (50%)	"the mouth speaketh" — overflow target
λαλέω (laleō)	G2980	2x (50%)	speech as overflow expression
ὑστέρημα (husterēma)	G5303	1x (25%)	abundance-want antithesis (2 Cor 8:14)
ἰσότης (isotēs)	G2471	1x (25%)	equality principle governing surplus distribution
κλάσμα (klasma)	G2801	1x (25%)	broken fragments — the physical surplus in Mark 8:8

Word Family (perissos- Cognates)¶

G4052 περισσεύω (perisseuō) — verb: to superabound, have more than enough (35v)
G4050 περισσεία (perisseia) — feminine noun: surplusage, superabundance (4v)
G4053 περισσός (perissos) — adjective: superabundant, exceeding, more (14v)
G4054 περισσότερον (perissoteron) — comparative: more abundantly (12v)
G4057 περισσῶς (perissōs) — adverb: superabundantly, exceedingly (4v)

Antonyms¶

G5303 ὑστέρημα (husterēma) — deficit, want, poverty (8v) — explicit antonym in 2 Cor 8:14 where the two words are juxtaposed twice

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
περισσεία (perisseia)	G4050	"abundance"	perisseia = abstract quality of surplus; perisseuma = concrete surplus itself
περισσεύω (perisseuō)	G4052	"abundance"	perisseuō = verb (the act of abounding); perisseuma = noun result (the surplus produced)
ἁδρότης (hadrotēs)	G100	"abundance"	hadrotēs = plumpness/bounty, used once (2 Cor 8:20) for a generous gift; perisseuma = overflow beyond need
ὑπερβολή (huperbolē)	G5236	"abundance"	huperbolē = a throwing beyond, excess in degree; perisseuma = excess in quantity

Hebrew Source¶

No Hebrew sources found via LXX mapping. This word belongs to the distinctly Greek perissos- word family with no consistent Hebrew antecedent.