TR: sur → ekklino (Turn Aside / Deviate)¶
The Chain¶
Hebrew OT LXX (Greek OT) Greek NT
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סוּר (sur) → ἐκκλίνω (ekklínō) → ἐκκλίνω (ekklínō)
H5493, 283x 55x as translation 3x in NT
"turn aside" of sur "turn aside, eschew"
Note: The LXX also uses ἀφίστημι (G868, 57×) as a near-equal primary bridge. The two Greek words divide sur's semantic range: ekklino captures "turn aside from a path" and "deviate from right conduct," while aphistemi captures "depart from" and "stand away from" (see G868-aphistemi.md).
OT Usage (Hebrew)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| H5493 | סוּר (sur) | 283v / 382 tokens | turn aside, depart, remove, take away |
Key OT passages: - Exo 32:8 — "They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them" - Prov 3:7 — "Fear the LORD, and depart from evil" - Job 1:1 — "one that feared God, and eschewed evil" - 2 Ki 18:4 — "He removed the high places" (Hiphil: causative removal)
Canonical word study: H5493-cuwr.md
LXX Bridge¶
| Hebrew | Greek Translation | Count | PMI Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sur (H5493) | ἐκκλίνω (G1578) | 55× | 20.84 | Primary — Qal "turn aside" sense |
| sur (H5493) | ἀφίστημι (G868) | 57× | 20.69 | Co-primary — "depart, stand away" |
| sur (H5493) | περιαιρέω (G4014) | 32× | 20.26 | Hiphil "take away all around" |
| sur (H5493) | ἀφαιρέω (G851) | 38× | 16.76 | Hiphil "take away" |
| sur (H5493) | μεθίστημι (G3179) | 12× | 14.22 | "transfer, remove" |
Other Hebrew words that also map to ekklino (G1578):
| Hebrew | Count | PMI Score | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| נָטָה natah (H5186) | 44× | 20.18 | "stretch out, incline" — also translated ekklino |
| שְׂמֹאול semoʼwl (H8040) | 12× | 13.92 | "left" — in "turn not to right or left" formula |
| יָמִין yamiyn (H3225) | 12× | 10.49 | "right" — same formula |
Semantic mapping in translation: The LXX translators chose ekklino when sur described directional deviation (turning aside from a path or from moral conduct). They chose aphistemi when sur described departure from a person, place, or relationship. The Hiphil causative forms ("remove, take away") were rendered with peri/aphaireo. This three-way split shows the LXX recognized three distinct semantic cores within the single Hebrew verb.
NT Usage (Greek)¶
| Strong's | Word | Occurrences | Primary Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| G1578 | ἐκκλίνω (ekklínō) | 3v | deviate, shun, turn aside, eschew |
All NT occurrences: - Rom 3:12 — "They are all gone out of the way (ekklino), they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one." (Quoting Ps 14:3 / Ps 53:3) - Rom 16:17 — "Mark them which cause divisions and offences... and avoid (ekklino) them." - 1 Pet 3:11 — "Let him eschew (ekklino) evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it." (Quoting Ps 34:14)
Canonical word study: TODO(need G1578 study)
Direct OT to NT Quotations¶
| NT Verse | Quotes OT | Shared Word | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:12 | Psa 14:3 (LXX 13:3) | sur → ekklino | Universal human deviation from God's way |
| 1 Pet 3:11 | Psa 34:14 (LXX 33:15) | sur → ekklino | Wisdom imperative: "depart from evil, do good" |
Both NT quotations draw from Psalms where sur appears in the Hebrew, and the LXX ekklino is carried directly into the NT text. The OT wisdom formula "depart from evil" (Prov 3:7, 16:6, Job 28:28, Ps 34:14) is transmitted intact through the LXX bridge into Peter's exhortation.
Continuity and Shifts¶
What stays the same across testaments: - The core meaning of moral deviation — turning aside from what is right — passes through intact from Hebrew to Greek in both testaments - The "depart from evil" formula (sur meraʻ → ekklino apo kakou) is preserved verbatim through LXX into 1 Pet 3:11 - Rom 3:12 quotes the Hebrew diagnostic of universal moral failure (Ps 14:3 "they have all turned aside") using the same ekklino
What shifts: - The Hebrew sur has a vast semantic range (physical turning, departure, causative removal, ritual removal), but only the moral-deviation slice survives into the NT through ekklino - The Hiphil causative "remove/take away" sense does not transfer through ekklino at all — it goes through different Greek words (periaireo, aphaireo) - The NT ekklino is exclusively moral/relational (deviate from God's way, avoid false teachers, shun evil) — the literal spatial "turn into a house" sense of Hebrew sur is absent
Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-05-10