TR: chashab → logizomai (Reckoning/Imputation)

The Chain

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)              Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────              ────────
חָשַׁב (chashab)    →  λογίζομαι (logizomai)   →  λογίζομαι (logizomai)
H2803, 122v in OT      70x as translation          40v in NT
"reckon, think,        of chashab                   "reckon, impute,
 devise, count"                                      count, think"

OT Usage (Hebrew)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2803	חָשַׁב (chashab)	122v	reckon, count, think, devise, plan, impute
H4284	מַחֲשָׁבָה (machashabah)	cognate noun	thought, plan, device, purpose

H2803 has a broad semantic range: (1) to plait/weave (cunning/skillful work — Exo 26:1, 31); (2) to think/plan/devise (Gen 50:20, Jer 18:11); (3) to reckon/count/impute (Gen 15:6, Lev 7:18, Num 18:27); (4) to esteem/regard (Isa 53:3-4). The "cunning" translation (7v) reflects the literal root sense of interlacing — a skilled weaver "reckons" threads together.

Key OT passages: - Gen 15:6 — "And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness." The foundational imputation verse, cited 4x in the NT. - Lev 7:18 — "It shall not be imputed unto him that offereth it." Sacrificial non-reckoning — a levitical antecedent to the imputation concept. - Psa 32:2 — "Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity." Cited by Paul in Rom 4:8. - Isa 53:3 — "He is despised... we esteemed him not." The same word for divine reckoning used for human mis-reckoning of the Servant. - Isa 53:4 — "We did esteem him stricken, smitten of God."

Library: H2803-chashab.md

LXX Bridge

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
chashab (H2803)	λογίζομαι (G3049)	70	31.41	Dominant equivalent — 57% of H2803 LXX renderings
chashab (H2803)	λογισμός (G3053)	11	15.99	Cognate noun form — "reasoning, thought"
chashab (H2803)	διαλογίζομαι (G1260)	7	14.97	"reason through, debate inwardly"
chashab (H2803)	βύσσος (G1040)	11	14.35	"fine linen" — translates the craft/weaving sense

Semantic narrowing in translation: Hebrew chashab carries the full range from literal weaving to mental calculation to theological imputation. The LXX splits this: logizomai takes the cognitive-evaluative and imputation senses; byssos/kokkinos/porphyra take the textile-craft senses. The NT inherits only the narrowed logizomai range — reckoning, imputing, and thinking — with no trace of the weaving/craftsmanship meaning.

NT Usage (Greek)

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G3049	λογίζομαι (logizomai)	40v	reckon, impute, count, think
G3053	λογισμός (logismos)	2v	reasoning, thought (2 Cor 10:5)
G1677	ἐλλογέω (ellogeō)	2v	charge to one's account (Rom 5:13; Phm 1:18)

Key NT passages: - Rom 4:3 — "Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness." Direct citation of Gen 15:6 LXX. - Rom 4:5 — "His faith is counted for righteousness." Paul's theological expansion. - 2 Cor 5:19 — "Not imputing their trespasses unto them." Non-imputation in reconciliation. - Jas 2:23 — "Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness." James cites the same Gen 15:6 formula.

Library: G3049-logizomai.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Rom 4:3	Gen 15:6	chashab → logizomai	"Believed God and it was counted for righteousness" — the central imputation formula
Rom 4:9	Gen 15:6	chashab → logizomai	Restates the same quotation — "faith was reckoned for righteousness"
Gal 3:6	Gen 15:6	chashab → logizomai	Same quotation in the Galatians faith argument
Jas 2:23	Gen 15:6	chashab → logizomai	James recites the identical formula
Rom 4:8	Psa 32:2	chashab → logizomai	"Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin"
Mark 15:28	Isa 53:12	chashab → logizomai	"He was numbered with the transgressors"
Luke 22:37	Isa 53:12	chashab → logizomai	Jesus cites the same Isaianic text about being reckoned with lawless men

Continuity and Shifts

What stays the same across testaments: - The core accounting metaphor: placing something to a person's ledger (credit or debit). Gen 15:6 establishes the pattern; Paul inherits it intact through the LXX. - The divine passive: God is the one who "reckons" — the human is the recipient. This holds in both testaments. - The non-imputation concept: not charging sin to a person's account (Psa 32:2 → Rom 4:8; 2 Cor 5:19).

What shifts: - OT chashab has a wider semantic range including craftsmanship/weaving, devising evil plans, and general mental activity. The NT logizomai drops the craft sense entirely. - The NT concentrates the word in the faith-righteousness argument (30% of all NT uses cluster in Rom 4), elevating the imputation-of-righteousness meaning to theological prominence it does not hold as strongly in the OT, where the Gen 15:6 formula appears only once. - Paul introduces the imperative self-reckoning ("reckon yourselves dead to sin" — Rom 6:11), which has no direct OT precedent with chashab.

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Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-05-03