TR: tsaddiyq → dikaios (The Righteous One)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT               LXX (Greek OT)            Greek NT
──────────────────    ─────────────────────    ──────────────────
צַדִּיק (tsaddîyq)  →   δίκαιος (díkaios)    →  δίκαιος (díkaios)
H6662, 197x in OT       182x as translation       76x in NT
"righteous, just"        of tsaddiq                "righteous, just"

LXX co-occurrences: 182 | PMI score: 32.40 — dominant, high-confidence bridge

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H6662	צַדִּיק (tsaddîyq)	197	righteous, just (adjective / substantive noun)

Primary KJV translations: the righteous (47x), of the righteous (38x), righteous (26x), The righteous (14x), just (12x)

Key OT passages: - Gen 6:9 — "Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations" - Exo 9:27 — Pharaoh: "the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked" - Deu 4:8 — "what nation hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law" - Hab 2:4 — "the just shall live by his faith" (quoted 3x in NT)

Library: TODO(need H6662 study)

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	Notes
tsaddîyq (H6662)	δίκαιος (G1342)	182x	Primary, dominant equivalent
tsaddîyq (H6662)	ἀσεβής (G765)	63x	Antonym ("ungodly") appears in same context
tsaddîyq (H6662)	ἁμαρτωλός (G268)	15x	Antonym ("sinner") — contrastive pairing carried into NT

Semantic continuity: The LXX translates tsaddiq as dikaios with exceptional consistency (182/197 primary uses). The Hebrew adjective's dual meaning — describing both persons of moral rectitude and their standing before God — carries directly into the Greek. The antonymous pairing tsaddiq/râshâʻ (righteous/wicked) becomes dikaios/ásebēs or dikaios/hamartōlós in both LXX and NT.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G1342	δίκαιος (díkaios)	76	righteous, just (adjective / messianic title)
G1343	δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosýnē)	92	righteousness (abstract quality)
G1344	δικαιόω (dikaióō)	40	to justify, declare righteous

Key NT passages: - Mat 13:43 — "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father" - Acts 3:14 — "ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer" (messianic title) - Rom 1:17 — "as it is written, The just shall live by faith" (direct Hab 2:4 quotation) - 1 John 1:9 — "he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins"

Library: G1342-dikaios.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Rom 1:17	Hab 2:4	tsaddiq → dikaios	"The just shall live by faith" — Paul's thesis on justification
Gal 3:11	Hab 2:4	tsaddiq → dikaios	Same quotation proving the law does not justify
Heb 10:38	Hab 2:4	tsaddiq → dikaios	Endurance of the just amid persecution
Mat 23:35	Gen 4:Abel	tsaddiq → dikaios	"righteous Abel" — the first righteous martyr

The Hab 2:4 quotation is the key OT→NT bridge: the LXX's δίκαιος ζήσεται ἐκ πίστεώς μου is cited verbatim in Romans, Galatians, and Hebrews.

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The word describes persons of moral and covenant rectitude (Noah, Abel, Lot → Joseph, Simeon, Cornelius) - The righteous/wicked antithesis (tsaddiq/râshâʻ → dikaios/hamartōlós) persists unchanged - God is called righteous in both testaments, especially in his judgments (Exo 9:27; Rev 16:5)

What shifts: - NT adds a messianic titular use — "the Just One" as a specific designation for Jesus (Acts 3:14; 7:52; 22:14) - The Hab 2:4 quotation becomes a doctrinal centerpiece: faith as the basis for the righteous standing before God - Rom 3:10 ("none righteous") applies tsaddiq-language universally to indict all humanity — a more sweeping use than typical OT application