H1777 — דִּין (dîyn)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H1777
Original: דִּין (alternate form: דּוּן dûwn — Gen 6:3)
Transliteration: dîyn
Pronunciation: deen
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root
Occurrences: 24 unique verses (27 tokens) across 11 books
First Occurrence: Gen 6:3 — "My spirit shall not always strive with man" (alternate form dûwn)
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Or (Genesis 6:3) דּוּן dûwn; a primitive root; to rule; by implication to judge (as umpire); also to strive (as at law): — contend, execute (judgment), judge, minister judgment, plead (the cause), at strife, strive.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Forms Present
Qal	23	Impf (12×), Perf (3×), Ptcp (3×), InfCon (3×), Impv (2×)
Niphal	1	Ptcp (2 Sam 19:9 — "at strife")

All judicial and ruling uses are Qal; the lone Niphal captures passive contention ("at strife").

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation Cluster	Approx. Verses	%
judge / shall judge / judgeth / execute judgment	19	79%
plead (the cause) / to plead	3	13%
strive / contend / at strife	3	13%

Note: some verses contain two tokens (e.g., Psa 7:8 — "shall judge... judge me"), accounting for 27 tokens in 24 verses.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	8	0.3
Genesis	4	0.3
Jeremiah	4	0.3
Deuteronomy	1	0.1
1 Samuel	1	0.1
2 Samuel	1	0.1
Job	1	0.1
Proverbs	1	0.1
Ecclesiastes	1	0.5
Isaiah	1	0.1
Zechariah	1	0.5

Psalms and Jeremiah account for 50% of uses. The word is absent from most Torah books and the major prophets (Ezekiel, Daniel), suggesting it is a poetic-prophetic term rather than a legal-code term.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Divine Judgment of Peoples and Nations¶

God as universal judge of all humanity and the nations. - Gen 15:14 — "that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance" - Psa 9:8 — "he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness" - Psa 96:10 — "he shall judge the people righteously" - 1 Sam 2:10 — "the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth"

2. Advocacy: Judging/Pleading the Cause of the Poor¶

Executing justice on behalf of the oppressed — the word carries the sense of championing a legal cause. - Prov 31:9 — "Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy" - Jer 22:16 — "He judged the cause of the poor and needy; then [it was] well with him" - Jer 5:28 — "they judge not the cause, the cause of the fatherless... the right of the needy do they not judge" - Psa 72:2 — "He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment"

3. Eschatological / Cosmic Judgment¶

Divine judgment at a climactic or final reckoning. - Psa 7:8 — "The LORD shall judge the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my righteousness" - Deut 32:36 — "the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants" - Psa 50:4 — "He shall call to the heavens... that he may judge his people" - Psa 110:6 — "He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill [the places] with the dead bodies"

4. Prophetic Commands to Execute Justice¶

Imperative calls to rulers and leaders to actively govern with justice. - Jer 21:12 — "Execute judgment in the morning, and deliver [him that is] spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor" - Zech 3:7 — "thou shalt also judge my house, and shalt also keep my courts" - Isa 3:13 — "The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people"

5. Striving / Contending (dûwn nuance)¶

The alternate root form dûwn emphasizes dispute and contest rather than formal judging. - Gen 6:3 — "My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also [is] flesh" - 2 Sam 19:9 — "all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel" - Eccl 6:10 — "neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (Yahweh)	H3068	10x	"the LORD shall judge his people"
עַם (people)	H5971	10x	"judge the people / his people"
צֶדֶק (righteousness)	H6664	4x	"judge with righteousness"
שָׁפַט (shaphat)	H8199	4x	paired synonymously for emphasis
מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat)	H4941	3x	"minister judgment / execute judgment"
דִּין (diyn, noun)	H1779	3x	verb + cognate noun — "judge the cause"
אֶבְיוֹן (poor/needy)	H34	3x	"plead the cause of the poor"
עָנִי (afflicted)	H6041	3x	"judge... thy poor"
גּוֹי (nations)	H1471	3x	"judge among the nations"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H1779 דִּין (diyn) — cognate noun: judgment, cause, plea (legal case)
H1778 דִּין (diyn, Aramaic) — Aramaic equivalent: to judge (Dan 4, Ezra 7)
H1781 דַּיָּן (dayyan) — judge, advocate (1 Sam 24:15 in some MSS; Isa 33:22)

Synonyms¶

H3467 יָשַׁע (yasha') — search_relationships.py links dîyn with the vindicating/delivering side of judging, where right judgment rescues the oppressed.
H5162 נָחַם (nacham) — returned as a near-neighbor in the relief/comfort field touched by just judgment or advocacy.
H7379 רִיב (riyb) — close overlap in the legal-dispute / contention field.
H8104 שָׁמַר (shamar) — grouped by the relationship tool where judging overlaps with guarding or keeping covenant order.
H8199 שָׁפַט (shaphat) — the nearest judicial parallel; broader and more common, but semantically adjacent throughout the legal domain.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H1777.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שָׁפַט (shaphat)	H8199	both: "shall judge," "judge"	shaphat is the standard term for adjudicating cases (204+ verses); H1777 specifically stresses ruling authority and championing a cause (24 verses)
רִיב (riyb)	H7378	both: "plead," "contend"	riyb emphasizes adversarial dispute/quarrel; H1777 emphasizes judicial function

Semantic Domains¶

Because dîyn spans judging, pleading, contending, and vindicating, search_relationships.py maps it into several adjacent domains:

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[002004002006] Judge — the core judicial bucket, with neighbors such as H1779 דּוּן, A1780 דִּין, A1784 דִּינָיֵא, A1884 דְּתָבַר, and H3027 יָד.
[002001002023] Relief — an advocacy / rescue-adjacent field, alongside H935 בוא, H3947 לקח, A4391/H4390/H4392 מלא, and H4494 מָנֹוחַ.
[002003003019] Safe — a preservation field that helps explain why the relationship tool associates judgment with protection or vindication, alongside H1 אָב, H622 אסף, H724 אֲרוּכָה, H995 בין, and H1350 גאל / גְּאוּלִים.
[002003002006] Conflict — the contention side of dîyn, grouped with H340/H341 איב, H578/H579 אנה, H935 בוא, and H1464 גוד.
[002002001017] Space — a broad adjacent bucket also returned by the relationship tool, alongside A638/H637/H639 אַף, A870 אֲתַר, and H935 בוא.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
κρίνω (krinō)	G2919	20×	6.83	Primary — "to judge, decide, distinguish"
διακρίνω (diakrinō)	G1252	3×	6.95	"to separate thoroughly, decide"
κρίσις (krisis)	G2920	5×	4.70	noun rendering — "decision, judgment"

The strong κρίνω bridge (20 co-occurrences) links H1777 to NT judicial vocabulary via the LXX.