A8133 — שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8133
Original: שְׁנָא
Transliteration: shᵉnâʼ
Pronunciation: shen-aw
Part of Speech: Verb (Aramaic)
Root: Corresponding to Hebrew H8138 שָׁנָה (shanah) — to fold, duplicate, change
Occurrences: 21 unique verses (26 tokens) in OT
Books: Daniel (19v), Ezra (2v)
First Occurrence: Ezr 6:11 — "whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house"
Hapax: No

Lexicon Definition¶

(Aramaic) corresponding to H8138 שָׁנָה: to change, alter, be different. BDB outline: Pe. (Peal) — intransitive: change, be changed, be different from (מִן); of garment by fire, brightness of face, purpose. Pa. (Pael) — transitive: change (heart), frustrate word/edict. Ithpa. (Ithpaal) — passive/reflexive: be changed; of face, time/conditions. Haph. (Haphel) — causative: change, alter times, laws, decrees; frustrate edict.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Pe (Peal)	8v	intransitive — be changed, be different from
Pa (Pael)	3v	transitive — change, frustrate
Ithpa (Ithpaal)	4v	passive — be changed (of face, conditions)
Haph (Haphel)	6v	causative — alter, change (times, laws, edicts)

Tallied from BDB outline (H8133 lexicon entry) — Dan 3:27; 5:6,9; 6:17; 7:3,19,23,24 (Pe); Dan 3:28; 4:16; 7:7 (Pa); Dan 2:9; 3:19; 5:10; 7:28 (Ithpa); Ezr 6:11–12; Dan 2:21; 6:8,15; 7:25 (Haph).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
changed (various forms)	14	67%
diverse / shall be diverse	5	24%
alter / shall alter	2	10%

Raw DB entries fragment auxiliary phrases (e.g., "be changed," "was changed," "may be changed") as separate translations; grouped above by semantic force.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Daniel	19	5.3
Ezra	2	0.7

Concentrated entirely in the Aramaic sections of Daniel (Dan 2–7) and the Aramaic decree passage of Ezra 6. Daniel's share (90%) reflects the book's sustained interest in divine sovereignty over change: whose power can truly alter times, laws, and kingdoms.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Changed Physical Appearance / Countenance¶

The most frequent intransitive use: a face, complexion, or form that visibly shifts under emotional or supernatural pressure. - Dan 3:19 — "the form of his visage was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego" (Ithpa — passive) - Dan 5:6 — "the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him" (Pe — intransitive) - Dan 5:9 — "king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him" (Pe) - Dan 7:28 — "my cogitations much troubled me, and my countenance changed in me" (Ithpa)

2. Inviolable Laws and Decrees¶

A major use in the narrative: the Medo-Persian law cannot be changed — a plot device of Daniel 6, and a legal formula in Ezra. - Ezr 6:11 — "whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house" (Haph) - Dan 6:8 — "that it be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians" (Haph) - Dan 6:15 — "the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed" (Haph) - Dan 6:17 — "the king sealed it… that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel" (Pe)

3. Divine Change of Times, Seasons, and Laws¶

The Haphel (causative) applied to cosmic/historical epochs — God causes change; the little horn attempts it. - Dan 2:21 — "he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings" (Haph — God as subject) - Dan 7:25 — "he shall speak great words against the most High… and think to change times and laws" (Haph — the little horn as subject)

4. Being Different / Diverse in Nature¶

The Pe and Pa passive participle describe the fourth beast as categorically unlike all preceding kingdoms. - Dan 7:3 — "four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from another" (Pe) - Dan 7:7 — "a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible… it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it" (Pa passive ptc) - Dan 7:19 — "the fourth beast, which was diverse from all the others" (Pe) - Dan 7:23 — "the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms" (Pe)

5. Changed Heart and Frustrated Purpose¶

The Pael (transitive) and Ithpaal used for deliberate inner or diplomatic transformation. - Dan 4:16 — "let his heart be changed from man's, and let a beast's heart be given unto him" (Pa) - Dan 3:28 — "God… who hath sent his angel, and delivered his servants… and have changed the king's word" (Pa — i.e., frustrated/overridden it) - Dan 2:9 — "ye have prepared lying and corrupt words… if the conditions be changed" (Ithpa)

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occ	Typical Pattern
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4430	11x	king's countenance/decree changed
חֵיוָא (cheyvaʼ)	H2423	5x	beasts that are diverse from one another
מִלָּה (millah)	H4406	5x	the word/command that must not be altered
בְּהַל (bᵉhal)	H927	4x	troubled + countenance changed (paired emotion formula)
דָּת (dâth)	H1882	4x	law/decree that cannot be changed
זִיו (zîyv)	H2122	4x	brightness/countenance + changed
עִדָּן (ʻiddân)	H5732	4x	times and seasons (the object of divine/little-horn change)

Word Family / Cognates¶

H8132 שָׁנָא (shânâʼ) — Hebrew, primitive root "to alter" (3v: 2 Kgs 25:29; Eccl 8:1; Lam 4:1)
H8138 שָׁנָה (shânâh) — Hebrew cognate, "to fold/duplicate/change" (22v; primary Hebrew counterpart)

Synonyms¶

No synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for A8133.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for A8133.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
שָׁנָה (shânâh)	H8138	both "diverse"	Hebrew cognate — same root, broader range (also "repeat, disguise"); shᵉnâʼ is the Aramaic equivalent
מוּר (mûwr)	H4171	both "changed"	Hebrew only; mûwr = barter/exchange one thing for another (Lev 27); shᵉnâʼ = alteration of state
הָפַךְ (hâphak)	H2015	both "changed"	hâphak = overturn/reverse (dramatic inversion); shᵉnâʼ = gradual or decreed alteration
חָלַף (châlaph)	H2498	both "changed"	châlaph = pass through/renew (also A2499 Aramaic cognate); shᵉnâʼ = change of state rather than passage

LXX Mapping¶

Primary Greek rendering in Theodotion's Daniel (the standard LXX for Daniel):

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ἀλλάσσω (allassō)	G236	3x	6.91	Primary translation equivalent — "to make different"
μορφή (morphē)	G3444	4x	9.08	High PMI contextual co-occurrence in appearance-change passages (Dan 3:19; 5:6,9)
θηρίον (thērion)	G2342	5x	5.71	Contextual — beast-diversity passages (Dan 7)

Note: For the "diverse" usage Theodotion uses forms of διαφέρω ("differ from") and ἕτερος ("other/different"); the co-occurrence pattern above reflects the Aramaic text environment rather than direct gloss-for-gloss equivalence.

Semantic Domains¶

[002001001020] Different Other words: אַחֵר (H312), אַחֵר (H313), אָחֳרִי (A317), אָחֳרָן (A321), הפך (H2015), הֵפֶךְ (H2016)
[002001003002] Change Other words: בלל (H1101), הפך (H2015), חדשׁ (H2318), חֲלִיפָה (H2487), חלף (A2499), חלף (H2498)
[002001002010] Foolish Other words: אֱוִיל (H191), אֱוִלִי (H196), אִוֶּלֶת (H200), בער (H1197), בַּעַר (H1198), הֹולֵלוּת (H1948)
[002003001007] Dress Other words: אזר (H247), אסר (H631), אפד (H640), חבשׁ (H2280), חָגֹור (H2289), חגר (H2296)
[002001003009] Frequency Other words: אֶחָד (H259), אֲלַף (A506), אֶלֶף (H504), אֶלֶף (H505), אֶלֶף (H507), אַרְבַּע (A703)
[002004002008] Non-Know Other words: בָּצוּר (H1208), גנב (H1589), חבא (H2244), חֵיק (H2436), חפא (H2644), חפשׂ (H2664)
[002001002024] Respect Other words: אשׁר (H833), אֶשֶׁר (H835), אַשְׁרֵי (H835), הדר (A1922), הדר (H1921), הָדָר (H1926)
[002001001048] Shape Other words: אבר (H82), אָפִיק (H650), ארך (H748), בֶּתֶר (H1335), בֶּתֶר (H1336), גַּב (A1355)